新安沉船出水花瓶考  

On the Flower Vases from the Sinan Shipwreck

作　　者：袁泉[1] 秦大树[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学 [2]北京大学

出　　处：《考古与文物》2016年第6期76-99,共24页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：北京市社科基金一般项目"燕云地区金元墓葬研究"(项目批准号:15LSB007)资助;北京市教委"北京市属高等学校高层次人才引进与培养青年拔尖人才培育计划"所属课题成果(项目批准号CIT&TCD201504071)

摘　　要：1975年发现于韩国全罗南道新安郡海域的元代新安沉船,因其船货类型丰富、文化来源多样,是东亚贸易研究的珍贵标本;尤其是沉船集中出水的一批瓶壶容器,更是学界研析其时花器形态、组合与文化功能的重要资料。瓶花之制发展至宋元中国,无论是花瓶样态的丰富、使用受众的广泛、还是社会功能的多样,都体现出日常化、普及化的盛景。既有各擅所长的南北名窑,又得气韵朴敦的仿古吉金;成对多居列寺社、家堂的香花供器,独陈则跻身书斋、庭院的清供雅玩。而镰仓中期以来,通过中日寺社贸易,经由日本禅僧的推动,精致的宋元花瓶大量流入日本,在禅林社会与武家阶层的祭供、鉴藏活动中均扮演重要角色,并在其后的室町时代成为武家权门标示权利财富与赏鉴品位的仪物。这批来自沉船的瓷铜文物俨然一面可窥测中日文化的双向镜;瓶壶中存贮的,不仅是水酒礼料与香花之实,更是中世东亚社会文化传播与仪制流变全方位、多层次的意象片段。The cargo of Yuan Sinan Shipwreck,unearthed from the water of Sinan District, Jeollanam Province of Korea has precious sample for the research of East Asian trade. Especially, the unwatered containers in vase shapes are important materials for research on the contemporary flower vases＇ shapes, object-combination and cultural functions. The vase-flower traditions gradually become routinized and popularized in Song and Yuan Dynasties in terms of the varied shapes, massive customers and multiple social functions. The vases include porcelain wares made in China＇s famous kilns and metal wares imitating ancient bronze objects. Some of them were used as offering containers for worshipping deities or ancestors in temples or ancestral halls. Some function purely for leisure in literati study rooms. Since in mid Kamakura period, exquisite flower vases of Song Yuan periods were transported to Japan in large quantities, to meet the demand of Japan＇s temples and monks. They played an important role in worshipping and collecting activities by the Japanese monks and warriors. They even became representatives of Ashikaga shogunate＇s power and treasures. These remains from the shipwreck could reflect both Chinese and Japanese cultures. The vases bear not only wine and flowers but also the far-reaching cultural spread and ritual transformations.

关 键 词：新安沉船 花瓶 供养 雅玩 

分 类 号：K883.126[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]