广西汉壮瑶族儿童体格发育特点序列研究  

Sequential investigation of children ' s physical development characteristics among different ethnic groups in Guangxi

作　　者：王鹭[1] 蔡秋玲[2] 王鲁宁[3] 赵艳琼[2] 李博譞 任轶文 唐国杰 叶植秀 何忠 陈华 盘云峰 潘俊祥 李春灵[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市南山区妇幼保健院儿童保健中心,518067 [2]广西医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室 [3]杭州市余杭区妇幼保健院 [4]北海市教育局中小学生卫生保健所 [5]恭城瑶族自治县疾病预防控制中心 [6]恭城瑶族自治县教育局 [7]南宁市教育局中小学生卫生保健中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第12期1768-1771,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81260432)

摘　　要：目的 了解广西汉、壮、瑶族儿童体格生长发育状况和特点,为制定少数民族地区儿童长生发育促进措施提供科学依据。方法 采用序列研究法,2013—2015年对广西7,10,13岁的汉、壮、瑶族儿童进行2年体格发育追踪调查,获得研究对象群组7-15岁的体格发育数据,分析儿童体格生长发育的民族差异。首年调查时,各民族的年龄组样本为50-65人,失访率均低于5%。结果 儿童身高、体重、胸围、皮褶厚度的民族差异均有统计学意义;除7-9岁女生外,各项指标的性别、年龄别均值皆为壮族高于汉族和瑶族;汉、壮、瑶族男生平均身高年增幅分别为5.46,5.38,5.45 cm,女生分别为4.52,4.44,4.27 cm,民族间差异均无统计学意义。身高突增高峰年龄在性别和民族间差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。儿童身高增长类型的性别、年龄差异大于民族差异。结论 广西7-15岁汉、壮、瑶族儿童的体格生长发育有相似的顺序,但生长发育速度和水平存在民族差异。在影响民族差异的因素中,社会经济文化发展水平的影响可能大于民族遗传因素。Objective To explore the status and characteristics of growth and development of Han, Zhuang, Yao children in Guangxi, and to provide scientific references for making measures of improving children＇s physical development. Methods 7, 9, 13 year-old healthy children in Guangxi Han, Zhuang and Yao County were chosen as the object of the study to have a 3-year tracking survey on their physical development by using sequence research. And the related data of the group of 7 to 15 year-old chil- dren was collected to analyze the ethnic differences about children＇s physical development. Results The ethnic differences about height, weight, circumference, skinfold thickness were of statistical differences. Apart from 7-9 year-old girls, the average values related to gender and age of all indexes of Zhuang nationality were higher than those of Han and Yao nationalities; the average height of boys in Han, Zhuang, Yao increased by 5.46, 5.38, and 5.45cm, while the average height of girls increased by 4.52, 4.44, 4.27cm, and the differences among ethnic groups were of no statistical significance. The differences of the age of sudden in- crease of height were of statistical differences between genders and ethnic groups（P〈0.05）. The differences of types of children＇s height increase between genders and ethnic groups were greater than those between ethnic groups. Conclusion There is a similar order in physical development of 7-15 year-old students from Han, Zhuang, Yao, but there are national differences in the growth rate and level. In the factors that lead to national differences, the influence of social economic and cultural development level may be greater than that of the national genetic factors.

关 键 词：体格检查 生长和发育 身高 体重 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]