老年住院患者日常生活能力调查及影响因素分析  

Survey on activities of daily living and analysis of the influencing factors among elder hospitalization patients

作　　者：郭晓斌[1] 朱昀[1] 宫萍[1] 张福春[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院老年内科,100191

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2017年第1期49-52,共4页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项项目（首发2011-2019-01）、北京大学第三医院院临床重点项目（2012）

摘　　要：目的运用量表评估方法，观察老年住院患者日常生活能力现况及其影响因素。方法应用日常生活能力量表、微型营养评估表、简易智能精神状态检查量表、老年抑郁量表简表、跌倒危险因素评估表和欧洲五维健康量表对201例初入院老年患者的身心状况进行综合评估，同时调查其生活状态和社会经济情况，分析老年患者日常生活能力现状及影响因素。结果最高教育水平为初中及以下者出现Et常生活能力降低风险较高，是高中／中专及以上学历者的5．93倍（95％CI：1．14～33．23）；存在健康问题者欧洲五维健康量表（EQ-5D）总分≥1分日常生活能力降低风险是健康者的2．86倍（95％CI：1．04～8．05）；认知功能障碍者是正常者的18．14倍（95％CI：1.64～540．63）。老年患者日常生活能力降低风险随年龄增长而增高（P=0．025）。是否经常参加体育锻炼可能与日常生活能力降低风险存在边缘性相关（P=0．104）。结论老年患者的教育水平、健康状况和认知功能是影响其日常生活能力的重要因素。Objectives To investigate the activities of daily living and analysis of the influencing factors among elder hospitalization patients. Methods A series of scales including Activity of Daily Living Scale, Mini-Nutritional Assessment, Mini Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale 15,Falls Risk Assessment Tool and Euro Qol-SD Questionnaire were used to assess the physical and psychological health status among elder patients at first hospitalization, as well as their social-economic status,and to analyze the activities of daily living and influencing factors. Results Interviewees with less than nine years educational level had 5.93 （95% CI： 1.14-33.23）times higher risk for impaired activities of daily living than those with higher education levels. Patients with EQ-5D score ≥ scale or with cognitive disorder showed 2.86（95%CI： 1.04-8.05） times or 18.14（95%CI： 1.64-540.63）times higher risks for impaired activities of daily living than their normal controls, respectively. The risks for the decreasing activities of daily living were increased along with ageing （P = 0. 025）. There was a marginal correlation between regular exercise and activities of daily living（P=0. 104）. Conclusions Educational level, health status and cognitive function are important factors for activities of daily living among elder hospitalization cases and enlarged sample size is required for validation.

关 键 词：日常生活活动 住院病人 危险因素 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学]