海涂大米草与水稻正反远缘杂交创新方法研究  

Innovative Strategy for Reciprocal Distant Hybridization between Spartina anglica and Rice

作　　者：陈启康 陈博 陆惠兰 周慧 梅治平 

机构地区：[1]南通市康博乐农业科技有限公司,江苏南通226001 [2]南京海培特农业科技有限公司,江苏南京210007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第12期2786-2791,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"海涂米草与水稻远缘杂交种质资源发掘与创新"(31072064);江苏省南通市科技创新项目"沿海耐盐碱米草稻新品种培育"(HL2014020);江苏省南京领军型科技创业人才计划项目(616035)

摘　　要：发掘海涂大米草耐盐、水稻高产种质资源，创新大米草与水稻正反远缘杂交适用方法。本文研究了正交法（水稻♀温汤杀雄剪颖授粉法、热气杀雄吸花授粉法）和反交法（大米草♀剪颖去雄授粉法、连续去雄授粉法、温汤杀雄连续去雄授粉法）。结果表明，水稻辛热气去雄吸花授粉法比温汤杀雄剪颖授粉法结籽组合数提高103．23％，穗均结籽提高65．58％，出苗率提高88．67％，提高工效5～6倍；大米草♀连续去雄授粉法比剪颖去雄授粉法结籽组合数增加1．67倍，穗均结籽增加2．83倍，出苗率提高41．79％，提高工效6～7倍。水稻早热气去雄吸花授粉杂交法适用于水稻♀×大米草♂；大米草♀连续去雄授粉杂交法适用于大米草♀×水稻♂。This study aimed to explore germplasm resources of salt tolerant Spartina anglica and high yield rice and develop an innovative strategy for distant hybridization between S. anglica and rice. In this paper, crossing （rice ♀ ）（ hot water emasculation and glume-cutting pollination method, heat emasculation and pollen-suction pollination method） and reciprocal crossing （S. anglica ♀ ） （glume-cutting emasculation and pollination method, continuous emasculation-pollination method, hot water emasculation and continuous emasculation-pollination method） were studied. The result showed that：In crossing groups （rice ♀× S. anglica ♂ ）, compared with hot water emasculation and glume-cutting pollination treatment, the number of seed-bearing combinations, seed number per spike and seedling emergence rate in heat emasculation and pollen-suction pollination treatment were improved by 103.23 %, 65.58 % and 88.67 %, respectively, and hybridization efficiency was improved by 5 -6 times; In reciprocal crossing groups （S. anglica ♀× rice ♂ ）, compared with glume-cutting emasculation and pollination treatment, the number of seed-bearing combinations and seed number per spike in continuous emasculation-pollination treatment were improved by 1.67 and 2.83 times, respectively, seedling emergence rate was improved by 41.79 %, and hybridization efficiency was improved by 6 -7 times. It was concluded that heat emasculation and pollen-suction pollination method was suitable for hybridization between rice ♀× S. anglica ♂ , and continuous emasculation-pollination method was suitable for hybridization between S. anglica ♀× rice ♂.

关 键 词：大米草/水稻 远缘杂交方法 新技术 新种质创制 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]