乙烯利和劲丰对小麦干物质积累与转运特征及产量的影响  

Effects of Ethephon and Jingfeng Treatment on Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation and Grain Yield in Wheat

作　　者：文廷刚[1] 杜小凤[1] 王伟中[1] 顾大路[1] 杨文飞[1] 吴雪芬[1] 钱新民[1] 吴传万[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第12期2817-2823,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(13)5079];国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-2-13);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203033-07)

摘　　要：为探明乙烯利和劲丰对小麦干物质积累与转运特征及产量的影响,以淮麦31为材料,研究了乙烯利和劲丰对小麦各营养器官花后干物质积累动态、花前和花后干物质再转运以及产量的影响。结果表明:乙烯利和劲丰处理能增强小麦灌浆中后期上部功能叶片和节间的干物质积累,并促进其灌浆后期干物质转运。与对照相比,乙烯利降低了花前花后暂贮干物质的总输出量,增加了成熟期干物质在各营养器官中的分配量和比例,减少了干物质在籽粒中的分配量,降低了籽粒产量、总生物量和收获指数;劲丰则能促进花前和花后两个时期暂贮干物质的输出,降低成熟期干物质在各营养器官中的分配量和比例,促进干物质向籽粒分配,提高了籽粒产量、总生物量和收获指数。此外,乙烯利处理降低了花前和花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率,分别较对照降低1.7%和6.4%;劲丰则分别增加0.8%和1.0%。乙烯利处理降低了小麦穗粒数和千粒重,分别降低6.75%和1.52%,减产11.74%;劲丰则分别增加小麦穗粒数和千粒重3.25%和6.85%,增产3.47%。因此,提高小麦花前和花后贮存干物质转运量,增强作物花后光合同化能力,改善穗部库容,是提高小麦产量的重要途径。Huaimai 31 was adopted to investigate the effects of Ethephon （ETH） and Jingfeng （JF） treatment on characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation and grain yield in wheat. The effect of ethephon and JF treatment on the accumulation dynamics of post-an- thesis assimilated dry matter and remobilization of pre and post-anthesis reserves in vegetative organs as well as grain yield in wheat were studied. The results showed that ethephon and JF could increase the dry matter accumulation of the upper functional leaves and internodes at the middle grain filling stage, and promote their dry matter transloeation at late grain filling stage in wheat. Compared to the control, ethephon treatment decreased the total output of pro and post-anthesis temporary stored dry matter, increased the distribution amount and proportion of dry matter in the vegetative organs at maturity, and reduced the distribution amount of dry matter in grain as well as grain yield, bio- mass and harvest index. While JF treatment promoted the total output of pre and post-anthesis temporary stored dry matter, reduced the distribution amount and proportion of dry matter in the vegetative organs at maturity, and improved the distribution of dry matter to grain, there-by increased grain yield, biomass and harvest index. In addition, ethephon treatment decreased the contribution of pre and post-anthesis stored dry matter to grain yield by 1.7 % and 6.4 %, respectively. JF treatment increased the contribution of pro and post-anthesis stored dry matter to grain yield by 0.8 % and 1.0 %. Ethephon treatment cut down the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight by 6.75 % and 1.52 %, JF treatment increased the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight by 3.25 % and 6.85 %. Meanwhile, ethephon treatment significantly decreased grain yield by 11.74 %, and JF treatment increased grain yield by 3.47 %. Therefore, the increase of pre and post-anthesis dry matter translocation in wheat, enhancement of post-anthesis photosynthesis and assimil

关 键 词：乙烯利 劲丰 小麦 干物质转运 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]