长链非编码RNA作为肿瘤标志物的研究  

Research on Large Non-coding RNA as Tumor Marker

作　　者：范晓航[1,2] 秦鑫[1] 张敏[1] 张文静[1] 廖晓锋[3] 龚文容[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北文理学院医学院,湖北襄阳441053 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院病理生理教研室,湖北武汉430030 [3]湖北文理学院附属医院普外科,湖北襄阳441020

出　　处：《湖北文理学院学报》2016年第11期84-88,共5页Journal of Hubei University of Arts and Science

基　　金：襄阳市科技局项目;湖北文理学院医学院基金项目(YXKY201403)

摘　　要：基因组转录后的产物绝大部分为非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,nc RNA),编码蛋白质的信使RNA(messenger RNA,m RNA)只占少数.长链非编码RNA(Large non-coding RNA lnc RNA)指nc RNA的长度超过200个核苷酸,lnc RNA的表达具有高度组织特异性.迄今为止,有超过111000的lnc RNAs得到鉴定并发现在组织中呈现出特异性的表达.lnc RNAs参与各种细胞过程,包括细胞生长相关的基因表达、分化、DNA复制、重组、修复以及细胞迁移等.文章总结并重点讨论lnc RNA表达与肿瘤的关系,尤其是一些在细胞不同分化阶段有差异表达的lnc RNA,发现lnc RNAs的表达与细胞分化阶段和癌症细胞类型相关.因此,明确已知的lnc RNAs,特别是与肿瘤类型、细胞分化、转移相关的lnc RNAs的表达谱,对肿瘤的分期、诊断及预后的判断非常有用.在血液或其他组织液选择性的lnc RNAs检测将为癌症的早期诊断和大规模的肿瘤筛查提供帮助.Most transcripts in the genome are non-coding RNAs（nc RNA） compared to the protein-coding m RNAs.Large non-coding RNA（lnc RNA） refers to nc RNA with more than 200 nucleotides in length and seems to be expressed in a highly tissue specific and age-dependent manner. Notably, a very large number with more than111, 000 human annotated lnc RNA transcripts are meanwhile described expressed in specific tissues and cell types. Lnc RNAs are involved in a variety of cellular processes that include the regulation of gene expression programs related to cell growth, differentiation, DNA replication, recombination and repair as well as cell migration. Here, we summarize and focus on lnc RNAs expression and tumor, especially, the differentially expression of lnc RNAs at various stages of cell differentiation. Further we summarize evidences that reveal the specific expression at various stages of cellular differentiation in a time-and space-dependent manner indicating that lnc RNAs exhibit also a cell type and stage specific expression in cancer cells. The use of the high specificity of lnc RNA expression will provide a very an important tool for diagnostics and perhaps therapeutic intervention.Thus, the detection of selected lnc RNAs in blood samples or other tissue fluids will be very useful for early cancer diagnosis and for large-scale cancer screening.

关 键 词：长链非编码RNA 肿瘤标志物 肿瘤筛查 

分 类 号：Q522[生物学—生物化学]