从“反歧视原则”进入民事交易关系观察当代民法理念的革新  

Anti-Discrimination Law in Private Transaction and Its Implications on the Idea Type of Civil Law

作　　者：刘征峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2017年第1期52-67,共16页Law and Social Development

基　　金：2014年度国家社会科学基金重大项目"中国民法重述;民法典编撰与社会主义市场经济法律制度的完善"(14ZDC018)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在德国,《一般平等待遇法》的起草和颁布引发了私法学界的激烈争论。这些争论实际上隐含了古典民法观和现代民法观的交锋。在第一个层面,反歧视原则进入民事交易关系进一步印证了"私法的封闭性和自我繁殖机能不过是神话"的洞见。民法中的反歧视机制并不是法学的发现,与民法教义学相距甚远。在第二个层面,浸染价值而非逻辑属性的反歧视机制表明了人权和基本权利效力的整体性扩张。这一扩张的背景是民法不再负担市民社会宪章功能。不被歧视这项基本权利经由"国家塑造社会的权力"(社会国原则)进入到民法。民法的主体性意义逐渐式微,工具性意义被强化。在第三个层面,传统民法的形式平等观受到挑战。在私人领域和国家向社会融合的过程中,民法的平等观必须屈从于宪法的平等观。In Germany, the drafting of the General Equal Treatment Act had sparked vigorous debates among private law scholars. In essence, these debates refer to the confrontation of old and new thinking paradigms in civil law. Firstly, the extension of anti-discrimination principle to civil relationship has firmly confirmed the proposition that the closed system and self-reproduction proved to be a myth. Further, antidiscrimination mechanism based on value indicates the overall expansion of the influence stemming from human rights and fundamental rights. The background of this transformation is that civil law loses the central status as a charter of civil society. The fundamental right to non-discrimination infiltrates the originally closed territory and shapes our society through the state＇s power, viz the authority from the principle of social state （Sozialstaat）. As a result, the subjective meaning of civil law fades away, however its instrumental significance looms larger. Finally, the stereotype of formal equality is being challenged. During the process of integrating the state and private sphere into society, the assumption of equality in civil law must be subjugated to the objective system of value rooted in constitution.

关 键 词：反歧视 人权 基本权利 私法自治 第三人效力 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD913