比较法视野中的香港政治资金规管:模式、制度及评估  

Hong Kong's Regulation and Management of Political Finance from Perspective of Comparative Law:Pattern,System and Assessment

作　　者：曹旭东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学港澳珠江三角洲研究中心

出　　处：《法学评论》2017年第1期159-169,共11页Law Review

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地重大项目"一国两制与香港基本法的修改问题"(项目批准号:14JJD820016)的阶段性成果;澳门理工学院;深圳大学港澳基本法研究中心联合资助

摘　　要：政治资金规管因侧重不同表现为不同的模式,包括以选举中心主义和政党中心主义为代表的重点规管模式和系统性全面规管模式。香港属于典型的重点规管模式,表现为"候选人中心主义"。收入的禁止和限制、公共补助、支出限制、财务申报等四大制度版块均围绕候选人为中心展开设计,规管目标集中在选举过程中。香港政治资金规管有独特之处,主要表现在接受捐助总额上限、候选人同意的支出控制这两个方面;但其规管体系也面临风险,主要表现为收入的禁止和限制版块比较薄弱、"软钱"问题、互联网参与竞选的冲击、日常政治资金(特别是政党资金)规管的空白。Political finance regulation can be divided into several patterns according to different focus, which include systematic regulation mode and selective regulation mode with election centralism and political party centralism as typical. Hong Kong is typically belonging to selective regulation mode and can be called ＂electoral candidate centralism＂. In Hong Kong, the four main parts of regulation-prohibition and restrictions on contribution, public subsidies, spending restrictions, financial reporting, all centered around the candidate and focused on the election process. The unique point of Hong Kong system mainly lies in the total ceiling of accepting donations and the agreement of candidate to spend. Meanwhile, the regulatory system also faces some risks： the section of prohibition and restriction is relatively weak, the ＂soft money＂ problem, the impact of participating in the election by internet, the vacancy of regulation of daily political capital （especially political party funding）.

关 键 词：政治资金 竞选资金 政党资金 候选人中心主义 软钱 

分 类 号：D921.2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]