短期温度骤降对秋季葡萄叶片PSⅡ活性的影响  

Impacts of short-term drastic temperature drop in autumn on PSⅡ activity in grape leaves

作　　者：孙鲁龙 宋伟[1] 耿庆伟[1] 翟衡[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院.作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第1期33-40,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家葡萄产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-30);教育部"长江学者和创新团队发展计划"创新团队(IRT15R42)

摘　　要：【目的】探究秋季短期骤然降温天气对葡萄叶片PSⅡ光化学活性的影响,明确秋季葡萄叶片所能承受的低温限度。【方法】以秋季未失绿的‘美乐’葡萄(Vitis vinifera)叶片为试材,15℃为对照,设置4、0、-4、-8℃4个低温等级,快速梯度降温,进行连续的短时间低温处理。测定降温过程中叶片的快速叶绿素荧光参数,分析短期温度骤降对PSⅡ供体侧、受体侧、反应中心活性以及叶片性能的影响。【结果】短期温度骤降使叶片最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/F0)、叶片性能指数(PIabs)以及光能利用率(PRI)显著下降,反应中心供体侧、受体侧的电子传递均会受到胁迫,造成PSⅡ光化学活性的降低。【结论】秋季正常生长的葡萄叶片对短期温度骤降敏感,4℃就可以使PSⅡ光化学活性受到抑制,-4℃短时间处理就会造成PSⅡ光化学活性全面降低。[Objective] Frosts happening in spring and autumn, namely the ＂late frost＂ and the ＂early frost＂ respectively, are a disaster to growing crops. It happens irregularly and lasts for a short period （one night）. However, once occurring, it causes irretrievable damage on organs such as leaf, flower even fruit, which lead to great crop and economic losses. It is thus of vital importance to have an insight about the mechanism of frost damage. Most studies of frost focus on the ＂late frost＂ in spring and few focus on the ＂early frost＂. Therefore, little is known about the effects of frost in autumn on plants. Leaf is the major sensitive organ to the ＂early frost＂. The basic function of leaf is photosynthesis, and it is necessary to study the effect of the ＂early frost＂ on photosynthesis. The important issue is to explore the impact of short-term low temperature in autumn on PS U photochemical activity in grape leaves and determine the threshold of low temperature that grape leaves can endure. [ Methods ] Healthy green leaves of ＇ Merlot＇ （Vitis vinifera） were selected on October 4-5, 2015. Five plots in the vineyard were selected randomly to collect healthy and uniform green leaves. 6 functional leaves were collected at dusk from both sides of the canopy at the height of 1 m in each plot, generating a total of 30 leaves collected. The average temperature was about 15℃ during leaf collection. Leaves were packed with wet filter paper to prevent desiccation and trans- ferred to laboratory in 30 min. After cleaning with water, the leaves were stacked up and leaf disks with 0.8 cm in diameter were cut out avoiding the vein. The leaf disks were placed in an aluminum foil box （15 cm×10 cm）, and a piece of wet filter paper was placed on the surface to prevent dehydration. The aluminum foil box were floated in a cold alcohol bath with the temperature cooled down from 15℃ to the target temperatures （4,0,-4 and-8 ℃） at a rate about 0.4℃· min^-1; each target temperature was hold

关 键 词：葡萄叶片 秋季 温度骤降 光合 PSⅡ 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]