白鲜营养器官黄柏酮和梣酮的组化定位及含量的动态变化  

Histochemistry of Obacunone and Fraxinellone in Vegetative Organs of Dictamnus dasycarpus and the Content Changes in Different Growth Stages

作　　者：周亚福[1,2] 毛少利[1,2] 石新卫[1,2] 王宇超[1,2] 卢元[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省西安植物园,陕西省植物研究所,陕西西安710061 [2]陕西省植物资源保护与利用工程技术研究中心,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2017年第1期239-243,278,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200152);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养项目(2011DF06);陕西省“青年科技新星”计划项目(2015KJXX-90);陕西省科学院科技计划项目(2014K-23)

摘　　要：采用组织化学和高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)对秦岭产药用植物白鲜(Dictamnus dasycarpus)营养器官白鲜皮(根皮)、木质部、茎和叶中萜类物质的组织定位及黄柏酮和梣酮含量的动态变化规律进行了研究。组织化学测试结果表明:在根中,萜类物质主要分布在多年生根的周皮、次生韧皮部、韧皮部的油细胞、维管形成层以及木质部的薄壁组织中;在茎中,萜类物质主要分布在茎的表皮、紧贴表皮的分泌囊、皮层、韧皮部和木质部的薄壁细胞、髓部以及紧贴茎表皮的分泌囊中;在叶中,萜类物质主要分布在叶的表皮、头状腺毛、栅栏组织、海绵组织及维管束位置的薄壁组织中。HPLC测试结果表明:白鲜植物体除药用部位白鲜皮外,在木质部、茎和叶中均含有萜类物质黄柏酮和梣酮;试验测试样本白鲜皮中黄柏酮和梣酮的含量均符合药典标准(2015);在除营养生长期外几个生长阶段的木质部以及盛花期、成熟前期和成熟期I的茎和叶中,其黄柏酮含量亦均符合药典标准,其中盛花期白鲜茎和叶中黄柏酮的含量为药典最低含量标准的2~4倍多。秦岭终南山产白鲜皮品质优良,白鲜的根木质部、茎和叶用来提取黄柏酮,具有较好的应用价值,建议实践中针对不同需求综合利用白鲜非药材部位。Accumulation of obacunone and fraxinellone in vegetative organs of Dictarnnus dasycarpus from Qinling Mountains and the content changes in different growth stages were studied by using histochemistry and HPLC methods. The results showed that the terpenes were located in the periderm, parenchyma cells and oil cells of secondary phloem, vascular cambium and parenchyma cells in perennial root xylem of D. dasycarpus. In stem, the terpenes were detected in the epidermis, secretory cavities, cortex, parenchyma cells of xylem and phloem,parenchyma cells in the pith. And in leaf, the terpenes were located in the epidermis,capitate glandular hairs, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, secretory cavities and parenchyma cells of the vein. The HLPC analysis showed that the obacunone and fraxinellone were both detected in bark （to make crude drug of Dictamni Cortex）, xylem, stem and leaf, and contents of obacunone and fraxinellone in different growth stages in bark were in accordance with the standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2015）. And the contents of obacunone at all the stages except vegetative stage in root xylem,and the stages of full flowering stage, stage before mature stage and mature stage in stem and leaf were also in accordance with the standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the content of obacunone in stem and leaf during full flowering stage showed 2-4 times higher than that of the least content standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results showed that Dictamni Cortex from Qinling Mountains was characterized by good quality, and the stem and leaf showed potential development and utilization value to extract obacunone. It could be concluded that the vegetative organs except bark of D. dasycarpus should be explored according to different needs.

关 键 词：白鲜皮 黄柏酮 梣酮 组织化学 植物化学 

分 类 号：S727.34[农业科学—林木遗传育种]