生物固氮与有效氮的关系:从分子到群落  

Relationships between biological nitrogen fixation and available nitrogen at scales from molecular to community level

作　　者：车荣晓[1,2] 邓永翠[3] 吴伊波[4] 张静[1] 王芳[1] 唐立[1,2] 李林峰[1] 马双[1] 刘瀚科 赵星[1] 王艳芬[1] 郝彦宾[1] 崔骁勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]格里菲斯大学 [3]南京师范大学,南京210023 [4]宁波大学,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第1期224-232,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41230750和31570518);中国科学院战略先导专项B课题(XDB05010200)资助

摘　　要：在当前全球生态系统人为氮素投入激增的背景下,明确生物固氮与有效氮的关系对生态系统氮收支的估算及施肥策略的优化等具有重要的指导意义。本文综述了关于有效氮在分子、个体和群落尺度对生物固氮影响的研究,并对3个尺度的研究进行了比较。我们发现,当前分子、个体尺度的相关研究更为系统,但严重受限于固氮菌的培养;群落尺度的研究虽采用非培养技术开展,研究效率相对更高,但针对固氮基因表达的研究却十分匮乏,研究体系急待完善。据此,未来的研究应更多地关注有效氮在群落尺度对固氮基因表达的调控,并着重于完善群落尺度生物固氮的研究体系。As the anthropogenic nitrogen input to the global ecosystem is experiencing an unprecedented rise,quantifying the relationships between biological nitrogen fixation（ BNF） and available nitrogen is not only essential to estimating ecosystem nitrogen budgets,but also crucial to optimizing fertilization strategies. In this paper,research results on the effects of available nitrogen on BNF at scales from molecular,individual,to community level,were synthesized and compared. We found that the studies at molecular and individual scales are more systematic than community-scale studies,but are severely limited by the cultivability of diazotrophs; while the studies at the community scale employed the culture-independent methods,and thus are more efficient.However,at the community scale,very few studies focused on the expression of nitrogenase genes,and the study system is still far from perfect. Therefore,future studies should pay more attention to the regulation of available nitrogen on the nitrogenase gene expression at community scale,with special emphasis on improving the community-scale research system of BNF.

关 键 词：固氮菌 NIFH 铵态氮 硝态氮 宏基因表达调控 固氮速率 氮循环 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]