干旱区枣棉复合系统细根空间分布特征及种间地下竞争关系  

Spatial distribution characteristics of fine root and underground competition relationship of composite system of jujube and cotton in arid area

作　　者：王婷[1] 马亮[1] 马英杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第1期54-60,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51369029);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(201130103-1);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011Bad29B05);新疆水利科技专项(2014G04);新疆水利水电工程重点学科基金项目(XJZDXK-2002-10-05);优秀青年科技人才培养基金项目(2013721026);中国农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金项目(2015TC051)

摘　　要：【目的】探明枣棉复合系统种间互作关系,为该农林复合系统资源的最优利用提供参考。【方法】以干旱绿洲区典型的枣棉复合系统为研究对象,采用剖面法分层取样获得植物根系,将直径2mm以下的根系作为细根,通过扫描根系,用图像分析软件DT-SCAN分析枣树和棉花细根在水平和垂直方向上的根长密度、根质量密度,研究该系统内枣树和棉花细根生物量的空间分布特征及种间地下部的竞争关系。【结果】水平方向上,枣树细根主要集中在树体周围0.1~0.3m,该区域内的细根根长密度占总细根根长密度的62.3%;棉花细根根长密度在距枣树树干中心0.3~0.5m处达到最大,占总细根根长密度的35.8%。垂直方向上,棉花细根主要集中在0~0.3m的土层内,占其细根生物量的67.2%,棉花细根根长密度随土壤层深度的增加而呈负指数趋势变化;枣树细根根长密度主要集中在0.1~0.4m土层内,占其细根生物量的63.3%。在土壤垂向0~0.1m、0.5~0.6m土层内,棉花对枣树的竞争作用占绝对优势。单作枣树的平均枣吊长度、平均枣吊茎粗、叶绿素含量均高于间作,而棉花恰与枣树相反,各项指标均表现为间作大于单作。【结论】3年生枣树与1年生棉花间作,存在种间竞争关系,在水平方向0.1~0.3m、垂直方向0.3~0.5m土层内,二者地下部种间竞争最为激烈,且棉花竞争能力强于枣树,为优势种。【Objective】The study aimed to investigate interspecific interaction between jujube and cotton in composite system to provide reference for optimal resource utilization of the system.【Method】Typical jujube and cotton composite system in arid oasis region was selected in this study.Fine root was defined with diameter of 2mm or less.By scanning root and image analysis software DT-SCAN,root length density and root mass density in horizontal and vertical directions were determined and spatial distribution characteristics and underground competition relationship of jujube and cotton fine roots in the composite system were analyzed.【Result】Horizontally,fine roots of jujube mainly concentrated in 0.1-0.3maround tree with ratio of 62.3%.Length density of cotton fine roots was the largest（35.8%）0.3-0.5maway fromjujube trunk.Vertically,cotton fine roots mainly concentrated at the depth of 0-0.3m with the ratio of67.2%to total fine root biomass.Length density of cotton fine roots changed along a negative exponential trend with the increase of soil depth.Length density of jujube fine roots mainly concentrated at the depth of0.1-0.4mwith the ratio of 63.3%.At the depths of 0-0.1mand 0.5-0.6m,cotton was dominate.The average hanging length,average hanging crude,and chlorophyll content of monoculture jujube were higher than that of intercropping jujube,while cotton acted oppositely.【Conclusion】Three years old jujube and 1year old cotton had competition in intercropping system and the most intense competition occurred in of0.1-0.3mhorizontally and 0.3-0.5mvertically.Cotton was dominant species over cotton.

关 键 词：干旱区 枣棉复合系统 细根分布 种间竞争 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]