基于确定性子波处理的鬼波压制方法  

Deghosting method based on deterministic wavelet processing

作　　者：陈宝书 陶杰 李松康 汪小将 仝中飞 张连群 

机构地区：[1]中海油研究总院,北京100028

出　　处：《中国海上油气》2017年第1期39-45,共7页China Offshore Oil and Gas

基　　金："十二五"国家科技重大专项"南海深水区油气勘探地球物理关键技术(编号:2011ZH05025-001)"部分研究成果

摘　　要：鬼波干扰是海洋地震勘探中始终存在的难题,长期没有得到根本的解决,严重制约了地震勘探技术的进步。目前多数压制方法一般仅针对电缆鬼波,无法很好地压制震源鬼波。本文提出了一种基于确定性子波处理的鬼波压制方法,先获取远场子波,再由远场子波获得3种类型的地震子波,并求取子波之间的匹配算子,然后将算子应用于实际地震数据,最终获得压制鬼波的结果。该方法要求地震采集过程中气枪震源子波相对稳定,通过各种方法获得的子波与实际子波基本接近。理论模型测试结果表明,本文方法能够同时压制电缆鬼波和震源鬼波,即使受地层吸收衰减的影响,依然能够获得较为准确的结果。实际资料应用效果表明,使用本文方法进行鬼波压制处理后,地震资料剖面波组特征清晰,反射同相轴单一,有利于构造解释工作;地震资料频谱频带宽,高低频能量丰富,无明显陷频点,有利于储层反演工作。Ghost wave interference problem always existing in marine seismic exploration has not been fun- damentally resolved for a long time, which restricts the seismic exploration technology progress seriously. Most deghosting methods can only suppress cable ghost wave, and don＇t have a very good suppression effect for source ghost wave. In this paper, a deghosting method based on deterministic wavelet processing is developed. First of all, the far field wavelet is got and used to create three kinds of wavelets and the match operators among the wavelets are calculated and applied on the real seismic data to suppress ghost wave. The simulation results show that this method can effectively suppress both cable ghost wave and source ghost wave, even with the effect of seismic attenuation this method can also obtain good results. The application of this method on real seismic data shows that with the deghosting method the wave group characteristics of seismic profile are clear and reflection events are single, which are helpful for structure interpretation. Meanwhile, frequency spectrum of seismic data is broad, the high and low frequency ener- gy is rich, and there is no obvious notch frequency, which are helpful for reservoir inversion.

关 键 词：确定性子波 鬼波压制 震源鬼波 电缆鬼波 匹配算子 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]