重油在加工过程中的碳氢优化分布及有效利用的探索  

Explorations of Optimization and Highly Effective Usage of Carbon & Hydrogen in Upgrading of Heavy Oil

作　　者：许友好[1] 何鸣元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油化工科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2017年第1期1-7,共7页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展"973"计划项目(2012CB224801)资助

摘　　要：重油加工过程就碳和氢二元素的变化而言,不外乎是脱碳和加氢两种情况,相应的技术路线则为脱碳技术路线和加氢技术路线。为了比较和判断重油在加工过程中的碳、氢有效利用程度,以中东常压渣油为原料,采用不同重油加工技术,得到相应的产物分布及产品的碳、氢分布,引用碳、氢有效利用率两项指标,计算出重油在不同重油加工过程中的碳、氢有效利用率。结果表明,从多产汽油产品角度来看,渣油加氢处理和催化裂化组合较优;从多产柴油角度来看,延迟焦化和馏分油加氢裂化组合较优。但加氢技术路线的CO_2排放要高于脱碳技术约20%以上。只有采用深度加氢处理和催化裂化集成技术路线,既可提高石油烃的碳、氢的有效利用率,又能降低炼油厂CO_2排放,从而实现石油资源高效利用。Based on the changes of carbon and hydrogen elements,the processes of heavy oil upgrading can be simply clarified to two routes of decarbonization and hydrogenation.Effective utilization indices of carbon and hydrogen can be introduced to evaluate the utilization degree of carbon and hydrogen in different schemes of upgrading of heavy oil by the detailed information of carbon and hydrogen distribution in feedstock and products.With atmospheric residue（AR）of Middle-East as the feedstock,the upgrading scheme of hydro-treated unit and FCC integration is better for maximizing production of gasoline,while for maximizing production of diesel the upgrading scheme of delay-coke unit and hydro-cracking unit integration is better.Generally,CO_2 emission of the existing hydrogenation is around 20% higher than that of decarbonization scheme.Only the integration of deep hydro-treated unit and fluid catalytic cracking unit（FCCU）is the best scheme to increase the effective utilization indices of carbon and hydrogen of petroleum sources,with the decrease of CO_2 emission.

关 键 词：重油提质升级 脱碳技术 加氢处理技术 碳有效利用率 氢有效利用率 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TE626.2