播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究  

Effect of Seeding Method and Density on the Benefit of Mechanical Transplanting in indica Hybrid Rice

作　　者：胡剑锋[1] 杨波 周伟[1] 张培培[1] 张强[1] 李培程 任万军[1] 杨文钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,成都611130 [2]乐山市农业技术推广站,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2017年第1期81-90,共10页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程资助项目(2011BAD16B05);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201303129)

摘　　要：【目的】探索机插杂交籼稻稀播育秧秧苗生长特性、栽插质量、产量与效益特点。【方法】以F优498和Ⅱ优498的种子为材料开发并优选条播器后,采用两因素裂区设计,播种方式为主区,播种量为副区。【结果】条播播种均匀度优势明显,24行条播规格效果最佳。播种14 d后,秧苗开始产生分蘖芽,播后17至23 d是分蘖芽发生速率最快时期。随播种密度的增加,成苗率、干物质积累量、根冠比、秧苗充实度、N积累量、分蘖芽发生率、发根力、漏插率都呈降低趋势,同时有效穗数增加,每穗粒数减少,产量先增加后降低。条播相对于散播,秧苗整体素质较好,易形成壮秧,产量较高。【结论】投入与产出综合分析,采用条播方式,播种密度为50 g/盘时,秧苗群体密度和个体优势之间能得到较好的协调,产投比最高。[Objective] Our purpose is to investigate the rice seedling growth characteristic, quality of transplanting, rice yield and economic benefits of sparse seeding in indica hybrid rice. [Method] The seeds of F you 498 and II you 498 were used as materials to develop and chose the optimal drilling seeding machine, then a two-factor split-plot field experiment was conducted with seeding method as main plot and seeding quantity as sub-plot. [Results] The results showed that sowing in drill was contributive to unifrom growth of seedings with 24 lines being the best. The rice seedlings under sparse seeding began to grow tiller 14 days after seeding with the growth rate of tiller peaking between 17- 23 days after seeding. With the increasing seeding density, seedling rate, dry matter accumulation, root shoot ratio, grain plumpness, N accumulation quantity, the percentage of tiller occurrence, rooting ability and leakage rate showed a tendency of decreasing. At the same time, the number of productive panicles increased, the grain number per panicle decreased and the grain yield increased at first and then decreased. The seedling quality under drill seeding was better than broadcast seeding, under which the seeds grew into strong seedlings and had a higher grain yield. [Conclusion] By comprehensively comparing cost and output, the drill seeding at the seeding rate of 50g/disc had a good coordination between seedling population density and individual advantage and the input-output ratio was the highest and had a higher economic benefit.

关 键 词：机插 杂交稻 条播 稀播 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]