北京七种常见经济林吸滞重金属的特征  

Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Seven Common Economic Forest of Beijing

作　　者：李少宁[1,2] 田少强 赵云阁[4] 刘斌[4] 陈波[1] 鲁绍伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京100093 [2]北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心,北京100093 [3]河北滦县林业局,河北唐山063700 [4]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第1期75-82,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：北京主要造林树种优良品种选育与部分经济林树种生态功能研究资助项目(KJCX20150205);林木生态功能监测与资源评价创新团队资助项目(TWKST 201609);科技创新服务能力建设-协同创新中心-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(2011协同创新中心)(市级)资助项目(PXM2016_014207_000038)

摘　　要：以北京7种常见经济林树种为研究对象,利用微波消解仪进行微波消解,并用ICP-MS电感耦合等离子体质谱和电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测定了植物叶片和土壤中重金属含量。结果表明:核桃、梨、苹果、桃和枣叶片中重金属元素含量大小排序一致为Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd,且各树种中Zn和Cu含量较其余各元素含量明显偏高,范围值分别为12.57~23.90mg·kg^(-1)和4.52~10.25mg·kg^(-1);7种经济林吸滞重金属元素的能力差异显著,其中,桃对Cr(5.94mg·kg^(-1))、Ni(5.60mg·kg^(-1))吸滞能力较强,梨吸滞Cu(10.25mg·kg^(-1))能力较强,而樱桃和枣则吸滞Zn元素的能力较强,分别为23.80、23.90mg·kg^(-1);不同季节各树种叶片吸滞Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr季节变化趋势存在明显差异,部分树种在冬季吸滞量最高,部分树种则在夏季最高,但各树种叶片Ni含量最小值均在秋季,对Pb、As和Cd的吸滞量变化特征呈完全一致的变化规律,均在冬季吸滞量较高;林木叶片中重金属含量与土壤中重金属含量大部分相关性不显著(P>0.05)。Seven kinds of common economic forest tree of Beijing were used as research abject,through microwave digestion method,the heavy metal content in plant leaves and soil were measured by using ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.The results showed that the contents of metal elements in the leaves of Juglans regia,Pyrus pyrifolia,Malus pumila Mill.,Prunus persicaand Ziziphus jujuba Mill.were in the same order as Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Ni〉Pb〉As〉Cd,and the contents of Zn and Cu were obviously higher than those of other elements,and the range was between 12.57-23.90mg·kg-1 and 4.52-10.25mg·kg-1;seven kinds of economic forest absorption of heavy metal elements of the ability difference was remarkable,among them,Prunus persica to Cr（5.94mg·kg-1）,Ni（5.60mg·kg-1）absorption capacity was stronger,Pyrus pyrifolia to Cu（10.25 mg·kg-1）ability was stronger,Prunus pseudocerasus and Ziziphus jujuba Mill.to Zn absorption ability were stronger,respectively 23.80mg·kg-1,23.90mg·kg-1;characteristics of heavy metal content in leaves in different seasons,leaf absorption of Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr seasonal trend of different tree species were significant difference.Some of the species in the winter absorption or in summer was the highest,but the tree leaves of Ni content minimum values were in the autumn,the variation characteristics of Pb,As and Cd were completely consistent with the variation of the absorption,both of which were higher in the winter;most of correlation between heavy metal content of leaves and heavy metal content in the soil were not significant difference（P〉0.05）.

关 键 词：经济林 重金属 吸滞量 树种 

分 类 号：S727.31[农业科学—林木遗传育种]