水温和盐度对皱纹盘鲍“97”选群第6代变态及变态幼体生长存活的影响  

Effects of water temperature and salinity on metamorphosis, post-larval survival, and growth of the sixth generation of “97” selective breeding population of Haliotis discus hannai Ino

作　　者：孔宁[1,2] 连建武 薛艳洁 钟兆山 李鹏[3] 刘晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]宁波大学,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《海洋科学》2016年第10期49-54,共6页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2012AA10A412)~~

摘　　要：采用室内受控方法研究了水温（14、16、18、20、22、24、26和28℃）和盐度（22、24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38和40）对皱纹盘鲍变态及变态幼体生长存活的影响。结果表明,水温对变态率、变态幼体存活率和生长率的影响极显著（P〈0.01）。14～28℃条件下,随着水温的升高,幼体变态率、变态幼体存活率和生长率均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。24℃时变态率最高,为86.05%;18℃时,变态幼体存活率最高,为96.00%;26℃时,投苗6 d内的壳长、壳宽生长率最大,分别为48.49μm/d和43.81μm/d;投苗15 d内的壳长、壳宽生长率最大,分别为68.06μm/d和59.69μm/d。盐度对皱纹盘鲍变态率及变态幼体生长率的影响极显著（P〈0.01）,对幼体存活率却无显著影响（P〉0.05）。22～40盐度条件下,幼体变态率先升高后降低,于32达最大值,为79.23%;变态的盐度下限为22,该盐度下仅有2.21%的个体能够完成变态。26～40条件下,变态幼体存活率均高达85%以上;随着盐度的升高,变态幼体生长率先升高后降低。投苗6 d内壳长、壳宽生长率均于34达最大值,分别为32.03μm/d和25.20μm/d;投苗15 d内壳长、壳宽生长率分别于34和32达最大值,为43.03μm/d和39.00μm/d。The effects of water temperature and salinity on metamorphosis, post-larval survival, and growth of Haliotis discus hannai Ino were explored in this study. In the temperature experiment, the animals were reared at eight water temperatures of 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28℃. The results illustrated that the water temperature considerably influenced the metamorphosis rate, post-larval survival, and growth of H. discus hannai Ino（P〈0.01）. At 14～28℃, the metamorphosis, post-larval survival, and growth rates were first increased and subsequently decreased. The metamorphosis rate reached its peak at 24℃ with a value of 86.05%. The best post-larval survival was obtained at 18℃ with a value of 96.00%. The optimal water temperature for post-larval growth was 26℃, at which the growth rates of shell length and shell width within 6 days after casting were 48.49 and 43.81 μm/d, respectively, and the two growth rates within 15 days after casting were 68.06 and 59.69 μm/d, respectively. In the salinity experiment, animals were reared at 10 salinities of 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 40. The salinity considerably affected the metamorphosis rate and post-larval growth（P〈0.01）; however, it had no impact on post-larval survival（P〉0.05）. At 22～40, the metamorphosis rate first increased and subsequently decreased, reaching its peak at 32 with a value of 79.23%. The lower salinity limit of metamorphosis was 22, at which only 2.21% of individuals could complete metamorphosis. At 26～40, the post-larval survival rate was above 85%. Within this range, the growth rate first increased and subsequently decreased. Maximum growth rates of shell length and shell width within 6 days after casting were obtained at 34, with values of 32.03 and 25.20 μm/d, respectively. The growth rates of shell length and shell width within 15 days after casting reached their peak at 34 and 32, respectively, with values of 43.03 and 39.00 μm/d.

关 键 词：皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis DISCUS HANNAI Ino) 水温 盐度 变态率 生长存活 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]