三峡库区澎溪河消落带地表昆虫多样性初步研究  

Preliminary Study of Insects Biodiversity on the Drawdown Zone Litter-Layer at Pengxi River in Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：肖红艳[1] 岳俊生[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院化学化工学院,重庆408100 [2]重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆400040

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2016年第2期58-64,共7页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：重庆市教委科技项目(KJ1401218);长江师范学院校级科研项目(2013XJQN008)

摘　　要：地表昆虫是三峡水库消落带生态系统的重要组成部分,它们通过取食、被捕食、迁徙、排泄以及死亡分解等过程维系着消落带与库周高地间的物质循环和能量流,对于维持消落带生态系统健康有着重要意义。本研究选择以三峡水库重要支流澎溪河为例,对水库运行初期消落带内出现的狗牙根、合萌和苍耳3种典型群落生境中的地表昆虫群落结构及其多样性进行了研究。结果表明,研究区地表昆虫有38个类群,隶属节肢动物门昆虫纲8目33科,半翅目蝽科为优势类群;地表昆虫Shannon-wiener多样性和Margalef丰富度指数排序均为合萌群落>苍耳群落>狗牙根群落,Simpson优势度和Pielou均匀度指数反映了地表昆虫优势类群明显,各类群数量组成分布不均;Bray-Curtis相似性指数表明各生境间地表昆虫群落相似性较低,但Jaccard相似性分析结果显示垂直结构丰富的合萌群落拥有更多共有的地表昆虫类群。本研究提出,对于消落带生态修复应充分利用各种耐水淹植物构建垂直结构更加丰富的植物群落,为地表昆虫营建更加丰富的栖息生境。Litter-layer insects are an important part of the drawdown zone ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir. By foraging, being preyed, migrating, discharging and decomposing, they maintain the material and energy cycles between the drawdown zone and highland around the reservoir, and play an important role in keeping the regional and local ecosystem health. This paper studied the community structure and biodiversity of the litter-layer insects by taking 3 habitats formed by typical plant community of Pengxi River as a case, including the Cynodon dactylon, Aeschynomene indica, and Xanthium sibiricum association. The results showed that litter-layer insects collected from the 3 habitats belonging to 8 orders, 33 families, and Pentatomidae in Heteroptera order is the dominant group. Both H＇ and D＇ were highest in the Aeschynomene indica association, and lowest in the Cynodon dactylon association. An obvious advantage of dominant groups and inhomogeneous composition of different groups were indicated by indexes D and E. According to the Bray-Curtis analysis, similarities between insect communities corresponding to different habitats were low. Nevertheless, more common groups of litter-layer insects were found in the aeschynomene indica Association with rich community vertical structure.Thus, plant communities with diverse vertical structures are proposed to be constructed with various flooding-tolerant plants to provide rich habitats for litter-layer insects.

关 键 词：地表昆虫 消落带 三峡水库 

分 类 号：S812.29[农业科学—草业科学]