“诈欺”概念之知识考古学研究——以罗马私法为中心  

On Origin and Evolution of Dolus Malus——Focused on Roman Private Law

作　　者：徐铁英[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2017年第1期34-43,共10页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：法律术语dolus malus在罗马私法中具有丰富的意涵,它在意思理论的影响下被理解为意思表示效力瑕疵的原因,在我国称作欺诈。从罗马法原始文献出发,我们会发现dolus malus概念的涵义较此远为广泛,在法学家的操持下形成了特殊诈欺与一般诈欺的二元分化,现代民法理论中的欺诈自前者承继而来,后者后隐于客观诚信与禁止权利滥用的一般条款之后。中文中诈欺与欺诈的并用是对这种二元分化的无意识的表达,应当保留。探求诈欺概念的演变,有利于从整体上把握不同民法制度之间内在的历史脉络。The legal term dolus malus possessed a variety of different significations in the Roman private law,however under the influence of the doctrine of will,for a long time,it＇s known as one of the reasons of defects in declaration of will.In Chinese,it＇s translated as deceit. We would see the fact that the so-called term possessed a much more complicated implication,if we look back on the Roman law sources.With the operation effectuated by the hands of Roman jurists,there emerged a dualism in understanding dolus malus： dolus praeteritus and dolus praesens,the deceit in modern civil law derived from the former one,while the latter one hided itself behind the general clauses of good faith and prohibition of abuse of right. We shall preserve the unconscious distinction of the mentioned dualism in interpretation of the term dolus malus in Chinese.Furthermore,a research on the evolution of the term would help us better understand civil law institutes in a legal history context.

关 键 词：欺诈 诈欺 一般诈欺 特殊诈欺 罗马私法 

分 类 号：D909.9[政治法律—法学理论]