中国2004—2015年突发水污染事件监测数据分析  

Water pollution emergencies in China,2004-2015:monitoring data analysis

作　　者：丁凡[1] 黄立勇[2] 王锐[1] 高永军[1] 姚建义[1] 王霄晔 李群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2017年第1期59-62,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：原卫生部公益性行业科研专项(201302004);高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(民用部分)(10-Y30B11-9001-14/16)

摘　　要：目的了解2004—2015年中国突发水污染事件概况及发展趋势。方法运用描述流行病学方法对2004—2015年中国疾病预防控制中心突发公共卫生事件信息管理系统报告的水污染事件进行分析。结果2004—2015年突发公共卫生事件信息管理系统共有23个省份共报告126起水污染事件,累计病例16 571例,死亡3例。3、7和9月为全年事件报告数较多月份,3个月事件数之和为42起,占事件报告总数的37.3%。能够确定污染环节的共102起事件,化学性水污染事件有36起。能够明确污染环节的事件102起,城市集中供水污染42起,农村集中供水污染20起,农村自备水污染27起。涉及学校事件共46起,涉及学校40所,暴露人口176 936人,发病4 572例。结论 2004—2015年突发水污染事件数总体呈现下降趋势,部分月份报告事件数较多,并无地区和城乡差异。污染原因以工业废水污染及生活废弃物污染为主。污染物以大肠埃希菌和砷污染为主。Objective To examine the incidence and trend of water pollution emergency in China from 2004 to 2015. Methods Data on reported water pollution emergencies in China from 2004 to 2015 were extracted from the Public Health Emergency Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology methods. Results A total of 126 water pollution incidents were reported in 23 provinces of China during the 12-year period, with 16 571 sufferers and 3 deaths from the incidents. More incidents （37. 3 % ） were reported in March, July, and September of a year. Of the 102 water pollution emergencies confirmed, 36 were caused by chemical pollutants ;42 and 20 impacted on urban and rural central water supply systems and 27 affected on rural self-provided water sources;and 46 involved school water supply of 40 schools, with 176 936 exposed peoples and 4 572 sufferers. Conclusion The reported water pollution emergencies in China generally declined, with monthly variation but without obvious urban-rural difference in the incidences of the emergencies, from 2004 to 2015 ;industrial wastewater and domestic wastes are major pollutants of the reported emergencies and most frequently identified biological and chemical pollutants are Escherichia coli and arsenic.

关 键 词：突发水污染事件 监测 健康 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]