吸入风险评估模型在制鞋行业职业病危害评价中的应用  

Application of inhalation risk assessment model in occupational disease hazard assessment of shoemaking industry

作　　者：汤海涛[1] 王永伟[1] 盛佩佳 崔方方[1] 石婷[1] 黄磊[1] 杨跃林[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院),四川成都610041 [2]新疆昌吉州疾病预防控制中心,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第3期419-423,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨吸入风险评估模型在制鞋业职业病危害评价中的应用。方法通过对制鞋业职业病危害调查和工作场所职业病危害检测,利用IRIS数据库,评估制鞋业职业病危害风险。结果致癌风险评估模型发现,苯致白血病Risk值:打磨刷胶18.51×10^(-6)~65.63×10^(-6)、印码83.30×10^(-6)~295.32×10^(-6),均为高风险;非致癌风险评估模型发现,苯检测点HQ值均>1,为致淋巴细胞计数下降高风险;打磨刷胶岗位甲苯HQ为1.83,为致神经系统损害高风险;二甲苯HQ均为4.52,为致运动失调高风险;正己烷HQ均>1,为致周围神经病变高风险;补色抛光丙烯酸HQ为876.71,为致鼻嗅上皮退化高风险;7个岗位危险指数(HI)均>1。结论吸入风险评估模型在制鞋业职业病危害评价中可对吸入性化学毒物进行定量评估,评估结果多为高风险,模型需要进一步改进以适应我国职业病危害现状。Objective To explore the applying of inhalation risk assessment model in occupational disease hazard assessment of shoemaking industry. Methods Basing on investigating occupational hazard and detecting workplace hazards contaminant in shoemaking industry,the occupational hazard risk level were assessed by IRIS database, Results By cancer risk assessment, the risk value of benzene leading to leukemia in polishing glue brushing post and printing size post were 18.51 ～ 65.63×10 ^-6 and 83.30 -295.32 × 10 ^-6 ,belonging to high risk. By non - cancer effects risk assessment,benzene of all hazard quotient sites exposure were higher than 1 ,belonging to high risk of decreased lymphocyte count. Toluene of polishing glue brushing post was 1.83 ,belonging to high risk of neurological effects. Six xylenes of all sites were 4.52, belonging to high risk level of impaired motor coordination. Five n - hexane of all sites had hazard quotient higher than 1 which was high risk level of peripheral neuropathy,the hazard quotient of acrylic acid in complementary colors burnishing post was 876.71 with high risk level of degeneration of the nasal olfactory epithelium. The hazard index of all 7 posts were all higher than 1. Conclusion By applying inhalation risk assessment model we can estimate the occupational disease risk in shoe making industry quantitatively but it needs further improvement for adapting to China.

关 键 词：吸入风险评估模型 职业病危害评价 制鞋业 应用 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]