2010-2015年上海市闵行区麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Minhang District,Shanghai,2010-2015

作　　者：汪曦[1] 金宝芳[1] 王烨[1] 陈泓泓 陆佳[1] 梅克雯[1] 张莉萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心,上海201101

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第3期525-528,532,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市闵行区自然科学研究课题;课题编号:2016MHZ42

摘　　要：目的分析上海市闵行区自2010年大规模麻疹强化免疫后至2015年麻疹病例的流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制中心麻疹专报系统收集2010年1月1日至2015年12月31日闵行区麻疹病例,描述病例的时间、年龄和人群分布等特征。结果 2010-2015年期间上海市闵行区共确诊麻疹病例403例,年平均发病率为2.68/10万。其中2011年发病率最低(0.36/10万),2015年发病数/率均超过历年水平。除2011年外,非户籍流动人员发病率显著高于户籍人口。3月至5月为病例集中出现的高峰。发病年龄主要集中在5岁以下儿童和20~40岁的青壮年。散居儿童、商业服务人员和工人、农民及民工等是麻疹高发人群。44.67%的麻疹病例在发病前7~21天有医院出入史。结论经过2010年麻疹强化免疫活动,闵行区麻疹疫情得到有效控制。但自2012年以后,闵行区麻疹发病情况有所反弹,提示消除麻疹的任务仍然比较艰巨。做好适龄儿童的麻疹常规免疫和流动人口的查漏补种工作,加强院内感染控制,规范麻疹病例管理,有助于阻断麻疹病毒传播,实现消除麻疹的目标。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Minhang district after massive measles immunization in 2010, and to provide evidence for measles control. Methods Data were collected through surveillance system of measles from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jan 1^st,2010 - Dee 31^st, 2015. Time, age and population distribution characteristic were described. Results A total of 643 measles cases were reported and 403 cases were diagnosed, the average annual incidence was 2.68/100000, with the lowest incidence in 2011 and the highest incidence in 2015. The incidence of measles in immigrant population was significantly higher than that in resident population except for 2011. From March to May,this period of time was the peaks of the disease. The measles cases were mainly children under 5 years old and young adults aged over 20 years and under 40 years old. And scattered children, commercial service workers, peasants and migrant labourer had the highest incidence of measles. 44.67% of the measles cases had hospital access history 7 to 21 days before the onset. Conclusion The effect of the massive measles immunization is obvious, but the measles incidence has rebounded from 2012,suggesting that it is still relatively difficult to eliminate measles. It is essential to strengthen the routine measles immunization for school - age children, replanting work for floating population, hospital infection control and standardization of the management of measles eases, only then can the spread of measles virus be blocked and the goal of measles elimination be realized.

关 键 词：麻疹 强化免疫 流行病特征 控制措施 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]