不同方向单腿跳跃落地及运动疲劳对非接触性前交叉韧带损伤风险的影响  

The Effects of Single-leg Jump Landing among Three Different Directions and Fatigue on Non-contact ACL Injury

作　　者：周志鹏[1,2] 曲峰[1] 刘鹏[2] 杨杰[2] 赖寒[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]山东体育学院运动与健康学院,山东济南250102

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2017年第1期111-117,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：山东体育学院重点课题(131102)

摘　　要：目的:探讨3种不同方向(前跳、斜跳与侧跳)单腿跳跃落地动作对造成非接触性ACL损伤风险的差异,同时考察神经肌肉疲劳对动作可能造成的影响。方法:采用红外光点运动捕捉系统与三维测力台,同步采集12名健康男性受试者在疲劳前、后完成的三种不同方向单腿跳跃落地动作,并对下肢的运动学和动力学参数进行统计分析。结果:与ACL损伤相关的部分下肢生物力学指标在不同动作及疲劳前、后存在一定的差异,触地时刻支撑腿髋关节屈角前跳>斜跳>侧跳;地面反作用力首次峰值时刻膝伸展力矩侧跳大于前跳,且疲劳后3种方向均有所增大;膝外展力矩侧跳与斜跳大于前跳;疲劳后地面反作用力首次峰值均有所增大。结论:侧跳与斜跳较前跳可能有更大的ACL损伤风险,尤其是侧跳落地动作的损伤风险相对较大;神经肌肉疲劳可增大单腿跳跃落地时的ACL损伤风险。Objective： The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on non-contact ACL injury risk in kinematics and kinetics of lower extremity during single-leg jump landing among three different directions （forward, diagonal, lateral）. Methods： Twelve healthy male college stu- dents were recruited in this study by using motion capture system and Kistler force platform, kinemat- ic and kinetic parameters were collected during subjects completed three different directions jump landing moves before and after a fatigue protocol. Results： Significant differents were found in kine- matic and kinetic among three different directions jump landing and between 2 different conditions （pre-vs. post-fatigue）. Among three different directions, the forward jump showed biggest hip flexion degrees of supporting leg at initial contact, and the lateral jump was smallest. The knee extention mo- ments of lateral jump was greater than forward jump, and were greater in all three directions after fa- tigue. The knee abduction moments of lateral jump was greater than forward jump. The first peak groud reaction forces were increased in all three directions after fatigue. Conclusions： Among three different directions, the results indicated that the landing strategies while landing at the lateral and di- agonal directions were much stiffer, especially with a stiff landing at the lateral direction could cause high ACL injury rate. During single- leg landing after fatigue, the results of biomechanical factors showed that fatigue could probably lead to increase ACL injury risk.

关 键 词：疲劳 单腿落地 不同方向 前交叉韧带损伤 生物力学 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]