回首改革——И.Т·弗罗洛夫与日本《朝日新闻》记者的谈话  

Revisiting the Reform:Interview between Frolov and Journalist of Japanese Newspaper of Asahi Shimbun

作　　者：И.Т.弗罗洛夫 安启念[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2016年第5期21-81,共61页Russian Studies

摘　　要：俄罗斯的命运取决于俄罗斯社会和俄罗斯文化。自由和物质丰裕的两难论题贯穿俄罗斯的全部历史。在某种意义上,戈尔巴乔夫改革带来了自由,但是夺走了俄罗斯人的面包,俄罗斯也就不需要改革带来的自由。离开这个两难论题,不能理解俄罗斯发生的事。"人道、民主的社会主义"这个词组是弗罗洛夫想出来的。他提出来,戈尔巴乔夫同意了。改革的反对者是教条主义者,他们认为戈尔巴乔夫背离了社会主义。戈尔巴乔夫是一个非常善变的人,最大的缺点是懦弱,容忍权力的丧失。戈尔巴乔夫把精力集中在做总统上,把党扔给了其他人,党的发展失去控制。党就像一个原子反应堆,它在工作,而雅科夫列夫、谢瓦尔德纳泽、戈尔巴乔夫等为反应堆服务的人跑掉了。没有人调节、控制,反应堆发生了爆炸。The fate of Russia depends on Russian society and Russian culture. The dilemma of freedom and material abundance runs through Russia＇s entire history. In a sense, Gorbachev＇s reform has brought freedom but took Russians＇ bread. Consequently, Russia did not need freedom brought by reform. We can＇t understand what was or is happening in Russia without taking this dilemma into consideration. The phrase of ＂humane and democratic socialism＂ is what Frolov came up with and Gorbachev agreed. The opponents of reform are dogmatists, who saw Gorbachev astray from socialism. Gorbachev is a very fickle person and his biggest drawback is cowardice, tolerant of power loss. Gorbachev focused on his presidency and left the party to others, losing control of the party＇s development. The party was just like an atomic reactor. It continued to work, while Yakovlev, Shevardnadze, Gorbachev, and others serving the reactor ran away. No one adjusted or controlled the reactor, which led to its explosion.

关 键 词：苏联解体 戈尔巴乔夫改革 改革失败的教训 

分 类 号：D851.2[政治法律—政治学] K512.5[政治法律—外交学]