亚非夏季风系统的气候特征及其长期变率研究综述  

A REVIEW ON CLIMATOLOGY OF AFRO-ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON AND ITS LONG-TERM VARIABILITY

作　　者：丁一汇[1] 李怡[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2016年第6期786-796,共11页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB417205、2013CB430202);公益性(气象)行业专项(GYHY201306033)共同资助

摘　　要：在综合论述亚非夏季风研究成果的基础上,重点评述亚非夏季风的年代际研究方面所取得的进展。(1)在古气候学上,末次冰盛期和全新世中亚非季风干湿状态的研究成果。亚非季风系统在暖事件中同步增强,降水偏多,处于湿润期;在冷事件中,同步减弱,降水偏少,处于干旱期。(2)近百年现代气候学对亚非夏季风的研究主要围绕亚非夏季风在非洲地区和亚洲地区的进退问题。研究一致表明,在1960年代季风降水减弱,亚非夏季风雨带南移;1990年代中期以后的非亚夏季风开始同步北移加强。(3)北非和亚洲夏季风年代际变化的主要原因是:北大西洋和北太平洋海温年代际尺度的变率影响亚非夏季风雨带的一致北移和南退。指出了在1990年代中期以后非洲萨赫勒地区和中国黄淮地区降水的增多机理。通过评述,无论对万年尺度的古气候变化时期,还是近百年的现代气候变化时期,亚非季风系统是一个行星尺度的内部一致的季风系统,它总体上具有同步一致的进退演变。Based on comprehensive reviews on studies of Afro-Asian summer monsoon, progresses of inter-decadal variations of Afro-Asian summer monsoon are summarized. These progresses are shown as follows. （ 1 ） In palaeoclimatology, wet and dry conditions of Afro-Asia summer monsoon during Last Glacial Maximum and Hol- ocene. Regardless of warm or cold scenario, Afro-Asia summer monsoon system showed consistent variability, with simultaneous enhancement （weakening） and more （less） precipitation during warm periods. （2） In the past century, modern climatology mainly focused on the retreat and advance of the Afro-Asia monsoon system in Africa and Asia. Pertinent results revealed that the monsoonal precipitation weakened since the 1960s accompanied by a southward retreat of main rainband; after mid-1990s, African monsoon and Asian monsoon strengthened concurrently and advanced northward. （3） The inter-decadal coherent northward advance and southward retreat were jointly modulated by the Atlantic Muhi-decadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. After mid-1990s, simultaneous increases in precipitation in the Sahel in Africa and Huang-Huai in China were more particularly evident. These reviews indicate that whether it is for palaeoclimate or in the last century, the Afro- Asians summer monsoon exhibits a coherent system of planetary-scale, manifested by concurrent advance and retreat.

关 键 词：亚非夏季风 古气候 热带东风急流 AMO 

分 类 号：P425.42[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]