台风环境中海-气动量与焓交换观测研究及应用进展  

PROGRESSES IN MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF AIR-SEA MOMENTUM AND ENTHALPY EXCHANGES IN TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENTS

作　　者：赵中阔[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所/广东省区域数值天气预报重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2016年第6期918-924,共7页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41205011;41075051;41175013;41475061);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA11010403);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406010);广州市科技计划项目(201510010218)共同资助

摘　　要：海-气动量与焓交换对台风大气和海洋环境具有显著影响。在回顾和再现前人观测研究工作的基础上，总结了近年来外场和实验室观测的研究成果。（1）关于动量交换比较一致的结论是，即当风速超过一定阈值时，拖曳系数随风速增加而达到饱和值或衰减；不同观测得到的风速阈值在24～40m／s范围内变动。（2）关于焓通量，所取得的观测研究结果本身存在较大不确定性，对海洋飞沫在焓通量过程中的作用还没有取得一致的认识，所得焓通量系数几乎都未显示出与风速的明显依赖关系。还总结了这些观测研究结果在数值模式中的应用情况。基于这些已经发表的外场观测数据，提出了分浅水、中等水深和深水三种情况的台风海-气拖曳系数参数化方案，三种条件下采用同样形式的函数，差异在于函数系数；而对台风海-气焓交换系数则采用概率分布进行描述。The exchanges of air-sea momentum and enthalpy have significant influences on the atmospheric and oceanic environments of tropical cyclones. With an introduction of the methods of measurement and analysis, this paper reviews the progresses of air-sea exchanges at high wind made by field and laboratory experiments in recent years ： （ 1 ） For the momentum flux, a consensus is that the observed drag coefficients （ CD） level off or even decrease for wind speeds above a special threshold, which varies in a range of 24 - 40 m/s according to different experiments. （2） For the enthalpy flux, there are large uncertainties in the measurements and no consistent identifications of the effect of sea spray. Almost all the observed enthalpy exchange coefficients （CE） show no significant dependence on wind speed. An Overview is given on the applications of the current knowledge of CD and CE in numerical models. Furthermore, according to the published field data, we propose a CD parameterization applicable for the shallow, intermediate and deep water conditions, which takes a common function form with different coefficients in the three conditions; and the probability distribution of CE in high wind is compiled.

关 键 词：台风海-气交换 动量 拖曳系数 焓 焓交换系数 

分 类 号：P434.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]