上海某综合性医院秋季室内外环境空气中真菌种群分布的研究  

A survey on indoor and outdoor airborne fungal species distribution in a general hospital located in Shanghai,China

作　　者：洪南[1] 方文捷[1] 刘加[1] 陈敏[1] 潘炜华[1] 廖万清[1] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学附属长征医院皮肤科,上海长征医院皮肤病与真菌病研究所,上海市医学真菌分子生物学重点实验室,全军真菌病重点实验室,上海200003

出　　处：《中国真菌学杂志》2016年第6期361-365,共5页Chinese Journal of Mycology

基　　金：国家973项目(2013CB531601,2013CB531606);重大传染病防治科技重大专项(2013ZXLO004612);国家自然科学基金(81201269);上海市科委专项(14DZ2272900)

摘　　要：目的监测目前上海地区某综合性医院室内外环境空气中真菌种群分布特征,为临床侵袭性真菌感染的防治提供科学依据。方法于2015年秋季以基于微生物气溶胶采集的空气采样器采样法与曝皿法随机对上海地区某综合性三甲医院的26处室内及7处室外环境进行同步空气采样,相关样本在含有氯霉素的沙氏培养基上经培养、分离、纯化及分子鉴定后,对不同采样地点真菌种群结构予以统计学分析。结果上海地区综合性三甲医院室内空气中青霉属(约24.14%)在真菌种群结构中占有明显优势,室外空气中则以分枝孢子菌属占有优势(约34.09%),青霉属在室内空气中所占比重(约24.14%)明显高于室外(11.09%)。结论虽然上海地区的医疗水平国内领先,且被调查医院已按相关规定进行了日常环境消毒工作,但被调查医院室内外空气中仍被发现存在高度多样性的真菌种群结构,且包含了常见的机会致病真菌如烟曲霉等,继续加强综合性医院室内外环境中真菌等病原微生物的监测和加强院内感染的控制是非常必要的。Objective To monitor the characteristics of airborne fungi distribution around a Chinese general hospital during Autumn in Shanghai,for scientific basis for clinical prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections.Methods In a ran- domly selected general hospital in Shanghai, collecting air samples in 26 indoor and 7 outdoor environments using cyclone- based bioaerosol sampling method and precipitation method, simultaneously.The samples were cultivated,separated and puri- fied on the Sabouraud Agar with chloramphenicol and then identified in molecular technique.All of the data obtained was ana- lyzed statistically.Results The genus Penicillium （24.14~） was prominent in the fungal population structure in indoor envi- ronments of the enrolled hospital.In contrast, the genus Cladosporium （34.09 %） has the advantage in outdoor environments. The proportion of the genus Penicillium in indoor environments （24.14%） is significantly higher than that in outdoor envi- ronments （11.09%）.Conclusion Although the level of medicine in Shanghai remains leading position in China and the inves- tigated hospital has been conducting disinfection work according to regulations,there is still a high diversity of fungal species distribution found in the surveyed hospital, which contains common opportunistic pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus furmigatus, etc.Therefore, continue to reinforce the research on environmental surveillance and infection control of general hospital is of significance.

关 键 词：医院污染 室内真菌 空气采样 真菌感染 

分 类 号：R379[医药卫生—病原生物学]