子二代中华鲟分枝杆菌感染及血液生理生化指标的变化  

Mycobacteriosis in cultured F_2 generation Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis) and relevant blood physiological and biochemical indices

作　　者：张书环[1] 聂品[2] 舒少武[2] 杜浩[1] Foo Khong Lee 杨月梅 邵纯 邸军[1] 黄君[1] 曾令兵[1] 危起伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [2]淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [3]香港海洋公园,香港999077

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2017年第1期136-145,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2015JBFM27);中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室开放课题(2016FB16);国家973计划项目(2015CB-150700)

摘　　要：鱼类分枝杆菌病是由分枝杆菌属的非结核分枝杆菌造成的长期性感染疾病。本研究发现,养殖中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)子二代可感染该病,典型病理特征是腹水、腹膜肉芽肿、肾脏水肿、肝脏呈灰白色等。采集腹水,通过细菌分离培养获得一株缓慢生长型的抗酸杆菌,进一步通过16S r DNA和IS2404重复序列进行分子生物学鉴定,发现该菌与Mycobacterium liflandii相似性最高。将10尾健康子二代中华鲟3次体检的血液参数与4尾分枝杆菌感染子二代中华鲟12次检查的血液参数进行比较,发现在26项生理生化指标中,有9项指标差异显著(P<0.05),即中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、钠、氯、钙、总蛋白、球蛋白、外周血白细胞总数(TWBC)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT),其中TWBC、中性粒细胞和ALT这3项指标显著升高,其他指标显著下降,说明分枝杆菌感染对鱼体肝脏和肾脏的损伤较大。采用盐酸卡纳霉素、红霉素和利福平三种抗生素联合用药进行治疗,给药时间75 d,治疗后腹水明显减少,RBC、血红蛋白、PCV、MCV和球蛋白这5项血液理化指标均有显著性升高(P<0.05),说明药物治疗初期具有一定的效果,但随着病程的加剧,该尾鱼最终未能治愈。以上结果表明,分枝杆菌在中华鲟广泛流行,对中华鲟的危害较大,目前尚未见有效的疫苗和药物,因此对该病的预防、早期诊断和治疗极其重要。Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, is an ancient and large anadromous fish in the family Acipenseridae （Acipenseriformes, Actinopterygii） and has been classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN. Hydroelectric dam construction, including the Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam on the upper Yangtze River has resulted in a sharp decline in the wild populations of A. sinensis, indicating that cultured stocks may serve as the only source for species conservation. Many rehabilitation efforts, as well as controlled reproduction, have been undertaken to prevent this endangered species from becoming extinct. However, Chinese sturgeons in captivity are exposed to a range of stressors, including variable temperatures and water quality and potential pathogens. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） causes cutaneous lesions and spreads to internal organs via the circulatory or lymphatic systems. In this study, a cultured F2 generation of Chinese sturgeon was infected with NTM, and developed typical symptoms of ascites, peritoneal granulomas, kidney edema, and a grey white liver. An acid-fast Bacillus was obtained in the ascites and had the closest similarity with Mycobacterium liflandii identified by 16S rDNA and IS2404 sequence analyses. Nine blood indices were significantly different between ten healthy and four NTM-infected F2 Chinese sturgeon （P〈0.05）. Total white blood cell count, neutrophils, and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly elevated but the other indices decreased significantly, including lymphocytes, sodium, chlorine, calcium, total protein, and globulin, suggesting that the liver and kidney were badly damaged by NTM. An infected F2 Chinese sturgeon with serious ascites was treated for 75 days with a combination of rifampicin, erythromycin, and amikacin. The ascites decreased significantly early in the treatment, and five blood indices increased significantly （P〈0.05）, including red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, and globulin,

关 键 词：中华鲟 人工养殖 分枝杆菌 血液生理生化指标 药物治疗 

分 类 号：S941[农业科学—水产养殖]