《工匠法令》与英国前工业化时期的劳资关系  

The Statute of Artificers and Industrial Relations in Pre-industrial England

作　　者：初庆东[1] 刘金源[2] CHU Qing - dong LIU Jin - yuan(School of History and Culture, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China School of History, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《安徽史学》2017年第1期91-97,共7页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"近代英国劳资冲突化解机制的形成研究"(13BSS029);"20世纪以来英国劳资关系史"(15AZD041);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目"社会转型时期英国治安法官研究(15-18世纪)"(CCNU16A03029)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：为应对16世纪中叶人口危机、经济波动与社会变迁引发的劳工问题,英国政府在继承中世纪劳工立法的基础上,于1563年出台《工匠法令》。《工匠法令》授权治安法官推行学徒制、强制劳动、限制劳工流动与厘定工资等核心条款。《工匠法令》顺乎当时的社会经济条件,切合国家和地方政府的利益,获得治安法官的积极推行,从而有效化解劳资纠纷与维护社会秩序。《工匠法令》奠定了英国前工业化时期劳资政策的框架,诠释了家长制劳资政策的基本内涵,形成了以治安法官为权力主体的劳资纠纷化解机制,有利于英国社会的稳定转型。The making of the Statute of Artificers was tightly related to the crisis of population, economic and social change during the mid - 16th century. With the tradition of medieval labor legislation, the government issued the Statute of Artificers in 1563. According to the Statute of Artificers ,justices of the peace were empowered to enforce its core clauses,which covered ap- prenticeship, compulsory labor, restricting labor mobility and wage regulation. Because the law was in accord with socio -eco- nomic conditions and satisfied the interests of central and local government,justices of the peace enforced the Statute of Artifi- cers actively, and solved the industrial disputes, that was vital to maintain social order. Moreover, the framework of industrial relations was based on the Statute of Artificers in pre - industrial England, which interpreted the paternalism of industrial relations. The law made the justices of the peace as the principal power of mechanism for industrial disputes solution, and it was very helpful to protect social transition.

关 键 词：《工匠法令》 治安法官 家长制 劳资关系 英国 

分 类 号：K561.33[历史地理—历史学]