适合不同产量的环境下油菜高收获指数的产量构成因素分析  

Analysis of Yield Components with High Harvest Index in Brassica napus under Environments Fitting Different Yield Levels

作　　者：卢坤[1] 申鸽子 梁颖[1] 符明联[2] 贺斌 铁琳梅 张烨[1] 彭柳[1] 李加纳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400715 [2]云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [3]云南省临沧市农业技术推广站,云南临沧677000

出　　处：《作物学报》2017年第1期82-96,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1302266和31571701);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150201);高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划)项目(B12006);国家现代产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)资助~~

摘　　要：收获指数偏低是制约油菜籽粒产量和产油量进一步提高的瓶颈。为解析适合不同产量的环境下油菜高收获指数的构成因素及形成机制,本研究选择在高产环境下的云南临沧和一般产量的长江流域上游主产区重庆北碚均能正常生长和成熟的321份甘蓝型油菜品种(系)为材料,分析其产量相关性状的变异以及两地间的差异,利用相关分析和通径分析研究籽粒产量收获指数(YHI)、产油量收获指数分别与17个产量组成性状的关系。结果表明,云南高产环境下,油菜高产的主要原因是光照充足、昼夜温差大,导致生物产量高、角果多、每角粒数多,特别是二次分枝角果对产量贡献较大。主序和一、二次分枝的角果数与产量收获指数在重庆均呈显著正相关,而云南环境下主序角果数与产量收获指数呈显著负相关。主序和一、二次分枝的每角粒数均以云南环境下极显著高于重庆环境下,且在两种环境下,主序和一次分枝每角粒数都与产量收获指数和产油量收获指数呈显著正相关,表明每角粒数需要充足的光合产物积累及高效的籽粒填充效率来保证。主序、一次和二次分枝千粒重云南均低于重庆,表明寡日照区域的油菜会减少籽粒数,以保证部分种子的干物质填充。云南环境下,各部位千粒重与产量收获指数和产油量收获指数均呈显著正相关,而重庆环境下的相关性不明显,说明在光照充足条件下,光合产物转运能力是导致千粒重差异的主要原因。综合分析表明,在光照充足的环境下,主序角果数和单株经济产量是提高YHI的关键;而寡日照环境下YHI构成复杂,必须将主序和一次分枝的产量组分有机结合,且严格控制生物产量才能实现YHI的提高。Low harvest index is a bottleneck for further improvement of seed yield and oil production in rapeseed （Brassica napus）. A total of 321 B. napus accessions with normal growth and maturation at both the super high yield production area Lincang, Yunnan province and the major production area of the upper Yangtze River Basin, Beibei, Chongqing were chosen in this study. Variance of yield-related traits and their differences between two locations were compared, and the relationship between yield harvest index （YHI）, oil production harvest index （OHI） and 17 yield component traits were also investigated by correlation and path analyses. At Yunnan, the main reasons for high yield of B. napus were adequate illumination, big diurnal temperature difference, sufficient photosynthate, more biomass, higher number of siliques per plant and seed number per silique, especially the number of siliques on the secondary branches, which might play key roles in improvement ofB. napus yield. The silique number on the main inflorescence, primary and secondary branches was significantly and positively correlated with YHI at Chongqing, but the reverse relationship was observed between ~HI and silique number on main inflorescence at Yunnan. The number of seeds per silique on the main inflorescence, primary and secondary branches at Yunnan were significantly higher than those at Chongqing, and the number of seeds per silique on the main inflorescence and primary branch showed significant or extremely significantly positive correlation with YHI and OHI simultaneously at both two cultivated areas, suggesting that sufficient accumulation of photosynthate and high grain filling efficiency are necessary for large number of seeds per silique. Thousand-seed weights on the main inflorescence, primary and secondary branches at Yunnan were all lower than those at Chongqing, suggesting that once the photosynthate is insufficient, the seed number per plant will decrease and partial seeds will become the priority for seed-filling in B. napus

关 键 词：油菜 收获指数 相关分析 通径分析 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]