有序摆抛栽水稻的氮素吸收、利用与分配特征  

Characteristics of Nitrogen Uptake, Utilization and Distribution in Ordered Transplanting and Optimized Broadcasting Rice

作　　者：郭保卫 张洪程 朱大伟 许轲 霍中洋 魏海燕 戴其根 高辉 胡雅杰 崔培媛 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2017年第1期97-111,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省农业自主创新基金重点项目[CX(15)1002];国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102);江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(16KJB210014);扬州大学科技创新培育基金项目(2015CXJ042);江苏省农业三新工程项目[SXGC(2015)325;SXGC(2014)315]资助~~

摘　　要：有序化栽插是抛秧稻稳定高产和进一步超高产的基础,明确有序抛栽水稻氮素吸收利用及转运特点对其氮素高效利用有重要意义。本试验通过摆栽、点抛、撒抛3种抛栽方式以及对新型秧盘培育稻株氮素吸收利用特征的比较,研究水稻钵苗有序化栽插超高产的氮素吸收积累特性。试验结果表明:(1)水稻有序摆抛栽各生育时期全株含氮率低于撒抛,有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期吸氮量相对较低,拔节后吸氮量显著或极显著高于撒抛,阶段吸氮量均表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛。三连孔和二连孔植株各生育时期含氮率较高,且前期能保持适宜的吸氮量,拔节后吸氮能力显著增强,抽穗期、成熟期吸氮量和阶段吸氮量表现为二连孔>三连孔>单孔。(2)氮素农学利用率、生理利用率、偏生产力、氮素干物质生产效率、籽粒生产效率、氮素收获指数和产量均表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛、机插,氮素利用率各指标、偏生产力、氮素收获指数在不同连孔处理间均表现为二连孔>三连孔、单孔,百千克籽粒需氮量表现为二连孔、三连孔>单孔,氮素干物质生产效率、籽粒生产效率为二连孔、三连孔<单孔。(3)不同抛栽方式处理穗后穗部含氮率和吸氮量均表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛、机插,茎鞘和叶片呈现相反的趋势;不同连孔处理穗后叶片和穗部含氮率均表现为二连孔>三连孔>单孔,抽穗期茎鞘的含氮率差异不显著,各器官中的吸氮量亦表现为二连孔>三连孔>单孔。不同抛栽方式间氮素转运量和转运率表现摆栽>点抛>撒抛,而茎鞘和叶的氮素转运量和转运率在不同连孔处理间均表现为二连孔、三连孔<单孔。水稻有序摆抛栽,尤其是二连孔有序摆抛,前期有合理含氮量和积累量,抽穗后具有较高的氮素积累量、转运量和转运率,其氮素农学利用率、生理利用率、偏生产力、氮素干物质生产效率、籽粒生�The stable super high yield of broadcasting rice relies on the ordered plantation of rice. In this study, three planting methods including ordered transplanting （OT）, optimized broadcasting （OB） and cast transplanting （CT） using dry-raised rice seedlings in plastic plates with 2-hole, 3-hole, and 1-hole were used with mechanical transplanting （MT） using blanket rice seed- lings as control to investigate the nitrogen uptake, utilization and translocation characteristics. Ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting rice had lower N content at the whole growing stage, lower N accumulation at critical stage for effective tillering （CS） and elongation stage （ES）, and higher N accumulation after ES significantly or very significantly than CT rice, showing N accumulation in treatments was OT 〉 OB 〉 CT. And 2-hole and 3-hole plants kept higher N content than 1-hole plants at each stage with proper N accumulation before ES and stronger N uptake ability after ES. N accumulation and N uptake rate in treatments after heading were 2-hole 〉 3-hole 〉 1-hole. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency, partial factor productivity, N requirement for 100 kg, nitrogen use efficiency for biomass production, nitrogen use efficiency for grain production, nitrogen harvest index and grain yield among different transplanting ways showed the trend of OT 〉 OB 〉 CT and MT. N use efficiency, partial factor productivity and nitrogen harvest index （NHI） among different hole treatments had the trend of 2-hole 〉 3-hole and 1-hole, and N requirement for 100 kg grain 2-hole and 3-hole 〉 1-hole, while nitrogen use efficiency for biomass production and nitrogen use efficiency for grain production showed the trend of 2-hole and 3-hole 〈 1-hole. N content and accumulation in panicle among different transplanting ways after heading showed the trend of OT 〉 OB 〉 CT, while the opposite trend was shown in culm, sheath and leaf. And N content in leaf and panicle among different hole treatm

关 键 词：水稻 有序摆抛栽 三连孔 二连孔 氮素吸收利用与转运 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]