应用水化学方法识别人类活动对地下水水质影响程度:以柳江盆地为例  

Research on the influence degree of human activities on groundwater quality by the method of geochemistry:a case study from Liujiang Basin

作　　者：彭聪[1] 何江涛[1] 廖磊[1] 张振国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2017年第1期321-331,共11页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国地质调查局国土资源大调查项目(1212011121170)

摘　　要：近年来,我国地下水水质受人为与自然双重因素的影响正不断恶化。其中,人类活动作用影响尤为突出。应用水化学方法识别人类活动对地下水水质影响的程度主要依据人类活动导致地下水化学特征的变化,通过其变化程度的大小从而得出人类活动影响强度的大小。该方法基于地下水化学指标背景值的获取技术,充分考虑各水化学指标之间的联系,利用反映水化学演化特征的5种水化学图与马氏距离相结合,识别并量化异常,最终得出影响程度分级。评价结果不仅可识别出无明显地表污染源引发的水质变化,量化人类活动对地下水水质影响程度,还能预测地下水受污染潜在风险。在柳江盆地的应用结果表明,该地区地下水水质受到人类活动影响比较大的区域主要分布在南部石门寨镇及北部驻操营镇,且南部较北部地区影响程度更为严重,这与研究区人口分布密集度及煤矿分布区域较为吻合。对比研究区水质图可知,驻操营北部及东部落地区地下水可能遭受污染的风险较大。该方法与根据某些指标的变异程度进行识别的方法相比,评价结果可靠程度更高,且以背景值获取方法为基础,得出的异常程度分级更具科学性。In recent years,under the influence of artificial and natural factors,the groundwater quality of our country is becoming worse.Among them,human activity effect is particularly prominent.The method we employed is using the change of geochemistry characteristics to identify the impact of human activity on groundwater quality,and by the degree of the change to get the intensity of human＇s effect on the groundwater.The method is based on the technology of groundwater chemical indicators background value,fully considering the relationship between the hydrochemical indices,combining five kinds of hydrochemistry diagram which can reflect the characteristics of the water chemical evolution with Mahalanobis distance,identifying and quantifying anomalies,and finally,toget the impact degree classification.The evaluation results not only can identify the changes in water quality when there is no obvious pollution,and quantitate the impact of human activities on the groundwater quality,but also can forecast the potential risks of groundwater contamination.The application results in Liujiang Basin show that the areas in which the groundwater quality is clearly affected by human activities are mainly distributed in the southern Shimenzhai town and in northern Zhucaoyin town,and the southern part is worse than the north.This conforms to the population distribution density and coal mine distribution area in the study area.Comparing the result of groundwater quality,it is revealed that the groundwater quality in the north of Zhucaoying and in the eastern areas of Dongbuluo may be suffered more pollution risk.Compared with other methods that use the variation degree of several chemical indicators to discriminate,the evaluation result of this method is more reliable,and the classification of intensity of anomaly based on the technology of groundwater background value is more scientific.

关 键 词：水化学 人类活动影响 地下水 马氏距离 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P641.12[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]