屏蔽法改性木粉制备生物基塑料的研究  

Preparation of bio-based plastics using modified wood powder with shielding method

作　　者：丁菲[1] 杨倩[1] 陈健强[1] 叶菊娣[1] 朱澄月 洪建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2017年第1期108-112,共5页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家林业公益行业科研专项(201204803);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：以胡桑枝条木粉为原料,木粉经球磨预处理后,分散于盛有一定量蒸馏水的烧杯中,之后将配制的酒石酸铁钠(Fe TNa)溶液倒入其中,在4℃下润胀一段时间后,于捏合机中捏合5 h后烘干,最后在双螺杆挤出机中与一定量的甘油混合挤出制备生物基塑料,研究了润胀时间、球磨木粉用量和试剂用量对改性产物力学性能的影响。结果表明:以木质纤维类生物质为原料,Fe TNa络合物和甘油为屏蔽剂可制备出注塑级生物基塑料,实现木质纤维的全组分高效利用;在屏蔽改性过程中未引入新的官能团;经屏蔽改性处理后,纤维素结晶度降低,纤维素分子链间作用力降低,改性产物热稳定性下降。在较佳工艺条件下,所制备的生物基塑料的弯曲强度为20.7 MPa、拉伸强度为12.9 MPa、断裂伸长率为3.2%,热塑性和力学性能较佳。Mulberry branch wood powder was used as the raw material for preparation of bio-based plastic material. After the ball milling, wood powder containing a certain amount of water dispearsed in the beaker, and then Fe-tartaric acid-NaOH solution（FeTNa）was poured into the beaker. The mixture underwent the process of swelling at 4℃ for a period, and then was poured in a kneader for 5 h kneading. After kneading, the mixture was taken from the kneader and dried in an oven. Finally, the mixture was extruded with a certain amount of glycerol using a double-screw extruder to produce the bio-based plastics. The effects of swelling time, wood powder and reagent amount on mechanical properties of the modified products were studied. The results showed that bio-based plastics of injection grade could be successfully prepared when the lignocellulosic biomass was used as raw material, and the FeTNa complex and glycerol were used as shielding agent. No new functional groups were introduced in the process of shielding modification. After the modification treatment, the cellulose crystallinity, the reaction force between cellulose chains and the thermal stability of the modified products were all decreased. Under the optimum technological conditions, the flexural strength of bio-based plastics was up to 20.7 MPa, the tensile strength reached 12.9 MPa, and the elongation at break was 3.2%. It was found that the bio-based plastics had good thermoplastic and mechanical properties.

关 键 词：木质纤维类生物质 屏蔽改性 生物基塑料 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB324[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]