播期和肥料运筹对水稻地方品种苏御糯产量和抗性的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date and Fertilizer Application on Yield and Resistance of Rice Landraces Suyunuo

作　　者：朱正斌[1] 戴华军 夏肄锋 周建明[1] 曹敏旭 沈雪林[1] 林一波 

机构地区：[1]江苏省苏州市种子管理站,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2017年第1期15-17,24,共4页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]087)

摘　　要：苏御糯是种植历史悠久的苏州市地方品种,按照当前主栽品种的种植技术,生产中苏御糯常出现穗数不足、结实差、易倒伏和易感稻瘟病几大问题,影响其产量和品质,本研究通过探索其栽培技术,以促进苏御糯种质资源的保护和利用,扩大在本地区的种植面积。以播期为主区,肥料运筹为副区,采用裂区试验设计,通过调查分析不同处理对苏御糯株高、穗长、产量构成因素、抗性等的影响(方法)。结果表明:施用化肥对苏御糯结实性、稻瘟病抗性及抗倒性有一定的负面影响,带来较大生产风险,施用有机肥有助于提高苏御糯的产量、抗倒性和稻瘟病抗性;生产苏御糯稻谷7 800 kg/hm^2左右的最佳产量构成指标为有效穗数270万穗/hm^2左右,单穗总粒数90粒左右,结实率92%~94%,千粒重39 g左右;有利于生产的播种时间为6月上旬,在翻耕前一次性作基肥施用腐熟有机肥6 000~7 500 kg/hm^2,若施用化肥亦宜作基蘖肥一次性施用纯氮不超过180 kg/hm^2,可为地方品种苏御糯的保护和开发提供技术支撑。Suyunuo is a local rice variety in Suzhou City with a long history. According to the planting technology of the current main cuhivars, Suyunuo shows some problems such as insufficient number of panicles,low seeding rate, poor lodging and rice blast resistance, which will affect its quality and yield. In this split-plot designed study, sowing date factor was assigned to the main plot and fertilizer application factor to the subplot to investigate the influence on plant height,panicle length,yield components and resistance of Suyunnuo. The results showed that the chemical fertilizer treatment had negative effects on fecundity, rice blast and lodging resistance, while the organic fertilizer treatment could help to improve the grain yield and resistance to the lodging and rice blast. The best yield components to achieve 7800 kg per hectare were as follows ：the number of effective panicles was approximately 2.7 million spike per hectare,the number of grain per panicle was around 90,seeding rate from 92% to 94% and 1 000-grain weight of 39 g. It should be sowed in early June and the field should be applied with 6 000-7 500 kg organic fertilizer per hectare or no more than 180 kg pure nitrogen per hectare as base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer before plowing. The results can provide teehnical support for the protection and development of Suyunuo.

关 键 词：水稻地方品种 苏御糯 播期 肥料运筹 抗倒性 稻瘟病 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]