抗旱节水高产稳产广适小麦品种的选育——以长6359和长4738为例  

Breeding of the New Wheat Varieties with Drought Resistance,Water Saving,High Yield,Stable Yield and Wide Adaptation— Taking Chang 6359 and Chang 4738 as the Research Cases

作　　者：张俊灵[1] 闫金龙[1] 张东旭[1] 孙美荣[1] 霍成斌[1] 常海霞[1] ZHANG Jun-ling YAN Jin-long ZHANG Dong-xu et al(Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changzhi, Shanxi 046011)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院谷子研究所,山西长治046011

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2017年第1期31-34,37,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(201603D221001-4);山西省农业科学院育种工程项目(16yzgc059);山西省农业科学院育种基础项目(Yyzjc1406);山西省农业科学院种业发展专项(2016zyzx28)

摘　　要：根据我国北方麦区气候、生态、生产条件复杂多变的特点,确立育种目标为选育抗旱节水高产稳产广适小麦新品种。通过对北部和黄淮两大麦区优异种质材料的鉴定和利用,融汇两大麦区优异目标基因;后代选育采用水旱交叉选育法,为不同生态类型品种的选育创造了条件,实现了自然选择、人工选择和定向培育的有机结合;品种鉴选应用抗旱节水鉴定评价体系新方法,克服了抗旱节水与高产、高产与稳产广适难以结合的技术难题,实现了抗旱节水高产稳产品种的有效鉴选。在同一育种系统中用同一组合育成长6359和长4738 2个国审小麦品种;长6359适宜国家黄淮冬麦区旱地种植,长4738适宜国家北部冬麦区水地种植,适种区域横跨黄淮和北部两大麦区的旱地和水地;长6359旱作丰产性好、抗逆性强、稳产适应性广;长4738丰产潜力大、节水性好、稳产广适。因此,该方法实现了抗旱节水与高产稳产的有机结合。According to complex climate, ecology and production condition in north China, we established that the breeding objective was wheat varieties with drought resistance, water saving, high yield, stable yield and wide adaptation. Though identifying and using the excellent germplasm materials in north China and Huang-Huai area, particular genes were mixed together. Hybrid descendant were selected by cross se- lection in both irrigated field and dry field, which integrated natural selection, artificial selection and directive breeding organically. Drought- resistant and water-saving appraisal and evaluation system were applied to select new varieties, which solved the technical problems of combi- ning wheat high-yield with drought-resistance and water-saving, as well as wheat high-yield with stable-yield and wide-adaptation. The two na- tional authorized wheat varieties Chang4738 and Chang6359 were bred by one cross combination of the breeding platform; Chang6359 was suit- able to be planted in winter wheat regions of Huang-Huai dryland, while Chang4738 was suitable to be planted in winter wheat regions of north China irrigated land;their suitable regions included the dryland and irrigated land of two winter wheat regions of Huang-Huai and north China. Chang6359 showed high yield in dryland, great resistance to unfavorable conditions, stable yield and wide adaptation;while Chang4738 showed high-yield potential, water saving, stable yield and wide adaptation. Therefore, this method realized the combination of drought resistance, water saving, high yield and stable yield.

关 键 词：抗旱节水 稳产广适 选育 长6359 长4738 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]