华北平原灰霾天气下大气气溶胶的单颗粒分析  

Analysis of Single Particle Aerosols in the North China Plain during Haze Periods

作　　者：张贺伟[1,2] 成春雷[1,2] 陶明辉[3] 王子峰[3] 陈良富[3] 李梅[1,2] 周振[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学质谱仪器与大气环境研究所,广东广州510632 [2]广东省大气污染在线源解析系统工程技术研究中心,广东广州510632 [3]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2017年第1期1-9,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2015A030313339);2014年广东省公益研究与能力建设专项资金重点项目(2014B020216005);中国科学院灰霾先导战略专项(XDB05020100;XDB05040502)

摘　　要：为分析灰霾期间单颗粒气溶胶化学组成和混合状态,于2014年12月9日—2015年1月10日,使用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)表征华北平原郑州市中牟县的气溶胶颗粒.结果表明:灰霾期(H1:20141213T19∶00—20141215T10∶00;H2:20150102T10∶00—20150106T03∶00)和清洁期(C1:20141215T18∶00—20141217T18∶00;C2:20141231T16∶00—20150101T20∶00)大气颗粒物种类相同,主要分为有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)、生物质燃烧颗粒(BB)、元素碳有机碳(ECOC)、钾二次颗粒(KSecondary)、矿尘(Dust)以及重金属颗粒(HM)7类.C1时间段,ECOC颗粒占比最高,占总颗粒数的49.8%;其次是OC和EC颗粒物,二者分别占总颗粒数的16.5%和10.8%.H1时间段,K-Secondary颗粒的占比(31.3%)最高;其次是OC和EC颗粒,二者分别占总颗粒数的23.1%和20.2%.清洁期与灰霾期质谱差分结果表明,清洁期颗粒物中含有C_3H^+、C_4H^(3+)、C_5H^(3+)等有机碳碎片峰,而灰霾期颗粒物中NO_3^-、HSO_4^-、NO_2^-等组分的信号强度显著大于清洁期.混合状态分析表明,从清洁期到灰霾期的过程中,主要颗粒物与NO_3^-和HSO_4^-的混合程度显著增强.清洁期与灰霾期单颗粒化学组成与混合状态的对比分析表明,清洁期新鲜排放的含碳气溶胶在灰霾期不断老化,单颗粒中二次无机组分增加,气溶胶整体老化严重.此外,灰霾期(H_2)EC颗粒占总颗粒数的比例增至18.1%,并且与NO_3^-、HSO_4^-二次组分的混合状态增强,使平均能见度降低为4.0 km.研究显示,郑州大气能见度主要受化学组分、颗粒物混合状态和污染物质量浓度的影响.To analyze the chemical composition and mixing state of single aerosol particles under haze pollution,a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer（ SPAMS） was employed to characterize the particles in Zhongmu County,Henan Province in the North China Plain from December 9,2014 to January 10,2015. The results showed that the same types of particles were identified during the haze periods（ H1： from 19∶ 00 13 ^thDecember to 10∶ 00 15 ^thDecember in 2014; H2： from 10∶ 00 2^nd January to 03∶ 00 6^thJanuary in 2015） and clean periods（ C1： from 18∶ 00 15 ^th December to 18∶ 00 17 ^th December in 2014; C2： from 16∶ 00 31^ st December in 2014 to 20∶ 00 1^st Januaryin2015）. The particleswere classified as seven types,containing organic carbon（ OC）,elemental carbon（ EC）,biomass burning（ BB）,internally mixed elemental and organic carbon（ ECOC）,K-Secondary,dust and heavy metal（ HM） particles. During clean periods,OC type particles accounted for 49. 8% of total number of particles, followed by ECOC and EC type which accounted for 16. 5% and 10. 8%,respectively. Whereas,KSecondary particles took the highest percentage,31. 3% of totalnumber of particles in H1 period,followed by OC and EC particles which accounted for 23. 1% and 20. 2%,respectively. Mass spectral subtraction plots of the particles between hazy and clean days showed that a large number of organic carbon peaks,such as C3H^＋,C4H^3＋and C5H^3＋,were observed in the particles during clean periods,while the signals of NO3^-,HSO4^-and NO2-in the particles during haze periods were much stronger than those during clean periods. It was noted that the mixing state of particles with HSO4^-and NO3^-significantly enhanced from the cleaning period to the haze period. The comparison of chemical composition and internal mixing state of particles between clean and haze periods demonstrated that carbonaceous aerosols freshly emitted during clean periods aged continuously during haze periods,whereas secondary inorganic compon

关 键 词：华北平原 SPAMS 灰霾 单颗粒 混合状态 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]