微观公平感的形成机制:基于职业群体的双重比较理论  

How Microjustice Shapes Bring Occupational Groups Back to Relative Depravity Theory

作　　者：李煜[1] 朱妍[2] LI Yu ZHU Yan(Department of Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China Institute of Sociology, Shanghai Academy of Social Science, Shanghai 200020, China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会学系,上海200433 [2]上海社会科学院社会学研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第1期37-45,共9页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“我国目前社会阶层状况研究”(08JZD0024)

摘　　要：微观公平感指的是人们评价自己的收入所得是否公平合理。既有研究提出了"参照群体理论",认为人们会参照他人来形成对自己收入是否公平的判断,却未能澄清人们如何选择参照群体,以及相应的微观公平感形成机制。本文基于新涂尔干主义的社会分层理论提出"职业群体参照理论",强调"职业"构成了群内与群际比较的参照边界。具体而言,人们通过双重比较过程形成自己的微观公平感判断,一方面将自己与同职业的其他从业者进行比较,形成"个体利益受损与否"的判断;另一方面则会将本职业群体与其他职业群体进行比较,形成"群体利益受损与否"的判断,进而整合为个体的微观公平感认知。而且,当人们判断个体利益与本职业群体利益均受损时,会产生加乘效应,加剧恶化人们的微观公平感。Micro - justice reflects people＇ s perception about their individual income. Existing literature, mainly in the ally with relative depravity theory, correctly emphasizes the role of reference group, but fails to specify and delineate whom people usually refer to and thus what shapes micro - justice. Based on Emile Durkheim - inspired social stratification theory, which values occupational groups, this paper constructs a new analytical framework. On the one hand, people would refer to other fellows with similar occupation, which forms individual- based micro -justice; on the other hand, people would compare his/her own occupation groups to other occupation groups concerning gains and losses, which forms group - based micro - justice. These two segments together formulate perception of micro - justice, and when individual - based and group - based micro -justice are somehow both hampered, it would further intensify the feeling of unfair and unjust.

关 键 词：微观公平感 个体利益受损 群体利益受损 

分 类 号：C912.81[经济管理]