增密与施氮对不同耐密型玉米产量及籽粒灌浆特性的影响  

Effects of Increasing Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Grain-Filling Characteristics of Different Density-Tolerance Maize Hybrids

作　　者：刘娟[1] 董树亭[1] 刘鹏[1] 张吉旺[1] 赵斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2017年第1期38-47,共10页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3117149);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-20);国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)项目(2011CB100105);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD1609);山东省良种工程重大课题[鲁科农字(2011)186号]

摘　　要：以半紧凑不耐密型玉米鲁单981(LD981)和紧凑耐密型玉米郑单958(ZD958)为试验材料,对增密与施氮条件下不同耐密型夏玉米产量、产量构成、籽粒灌浆特性进行了研究。结果表明,82 500株/hm^2条件下,籽粒产量随施氮量增加而增加,270、360 kg/hm^2的产量差异不显著;52 500株/hm^2条件下,随施氮量增加,籽粒产量呈先上升后下降的趋势,施氮量270 kg/hm^2产量达到最大值,180、270、360 kg/hm^2的产量差异不显著。LD981增密后,产量增加不显著。种植密度增加,两品种籽粒最大灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率时生长量显著降低,灌浆持续时间缩短,粒重降低,营养器官干物质向籽粒转运比例降低,穗粒数、千粒重显著降低,空秆率升高。施氮量增加,籽粒最大灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率时生长量增加,灌浆活跃时间延长,粒重增加,但仍显著低于低密度时,施氮量过高,灌浆强度、粒重增加不显著。密度对籽粒灌浆特性影响更显著。与ZD958相比,LD981最大灌浆速率时生长量显著降低,灌浆活跃期显著缩短,空秆率显著升高,导致LD981增密不增产。因此,综合考虑产量和籽粒灌浆特性,ZD958最佳种植密度82 500株/hm^2,施氮量270 kg/hm^2;LD981最佳种植密度52 500株/hm^2,施氮量180 kg/hm^2。Two summer maize cuhivars, density - resistant hybrid Zhengdan 958 （ ZD958 ） and non - density - resistant hybrid Ludan 981 （ LD981 ）, were used as experiment materials to study the effects of different planting densities （ 52 500,82 500 plant/hm2） and nitrogen rates （0, 90, 180,270, 360 kg/hm2） on yield, yield components and grain -filling characteristics. The results showed that, when the planting density was 82 500 plants per hectare, the grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen rate, and it had no significant differences between 270 kg/hm2 and 360 kg/hm2. When the planting density was 52 500 plants per hectare, the grain yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate, and reached the maximum when the nitrogen rate was 270 kg/hm2, but there were no significant differences between 180, 270 kg/hm2 and 360 kg/hm2. After increasing the planting density, the yield of LD981 had no significant in-crease. For the two hybrids, increasing the planting density could significantly reduce the maximum grain filling rate and the increment of maximum grain filling rate;shorten the grain filling period;decrease the grain weight, transshipment ratio of dry matter from nutritive organs to grains, kernels per ear and weight of 1 000 kerenls ; and increase the barren plant rate. The increase of nitrogen rate could improve the maximum grain fill- ing rate, the increment of maximum grain filling rate and the active grain filling period ; increase the grain weight in the order of NO 〈 N1 〈 N2 〈 N3 〈 N4 ; but compared with that of low density, the grain weight was still significantly decreased. The effects of density on grain filling characteristics were more significant than those of N application rate. Compared with ZD 958, the increment of maximum grain filling rate of LD981 significantly reduced, the active grain filling period significantly shortened, and the barren plant rate significantly rose, which resulted in no increase production with increasing density. Com

关 键 词：种植密度 施氮量 耐密型 玉米 灌浆特性 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]