立枯丝核菌AG-1IA对水稻致病力及粗毒素活性的测定方法研究  

Assessment of methods to pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA and bioactivity of the crude toxin on rice

作　　者：张正禹 董文汉[2] 包文静[1] 李成云[1] 杨根华[1] ZHANG Zheng-yu DONG Wen-han BAO Wen-jing LI Cheng-yun YANG Gen-hua(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China Science and Technology Bureau of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学科技处,昆明650201

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2017年第1期82-91,共10页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31160352;31360423);云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划资助〔云教科(2014)22号〕

摘　　要：水稻纹枯病是严重影响水稻生产的真菌病害,水稻相对病斑高度法作为评估立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA致病力的传统方法,需要将水稻培养至分蘖末期或抽穗期,再进行活体接种,耗时耗力,且试验条件不易控制。本研究以水稻相对病斑高度法(活体接种)为对照,利用水稻离体叶鞘法和离体叶片法测定了水稻纹枯病菌致病力和粗毒素活性,比较活体接种法与离体接种法的相关性。结果表明水稻离体叶片法、水稻离体叶鞘法和水稻相对病斑法测定致病力和粗毒素活性结果均呈显著正相关,水稻离体叶片法和离体叶鞘法测定结果能够准确反映立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA的致病力和粗毒素活性,离体评估方法操作方便,试验条件易于控制。因此,水稻离体叶片法、叶鞘法可以替代活体接种法作为测定立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA致病力和粗毒素活性的方法。水稻离体叶片法、叶鞘法与活体接种法结合起来可作为测定立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA毒素活性测定的新方法。本研究的结果还表明,水稻不同组织对水稻纹枯病菌毒素敏感性不同,水稻的叶鞘组织比叶片组织对纹枯病菌敏感。由于粗毒素的致病力与活体菌株接种的致病力存在显著差异,因此纹枯病菌毒素以外的致病因子,也是不容忽视的。在定量分析立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA与水稻的互作中,需要将不同水稻的组织进行区分,才能更加精准地了解互作机制。Rice sheath blight is the serious fungual diseases in rice.The traditional method to test the pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani based on the relative height of lesion on rice needs to inoculate rice at late tillering or heading stage which is time-consuming and difficult to control the conditions.In this study,compared with the traditional way,the evaluation of Rhizoctonia virulence and bioactivity of crude toxin was conducted on the way of detached rice leaf and rice leaf sheath.The results showed that,although all the three approaches of inoculation were significantly positive to evaluate the pathogenicity and crude toxin activity,the detached ways seem to be more accurate with the advantage of easy handling and condition controlling.Meanwhile,we noticed the rice sheath are more sensitivity to crude toxin of R.solani than rice leaf which might be the variation of sensitivity of the different rice tissues to the toxin.Therefore,the detached rice leaf and leaf sheath methods may take place of the traditional way of height of lesion to determine virulence of R.solani.The combination of the three approaches can be used as a new method to determine toxin activity of R.solani.The lesions difference between rice leaf and leaf sheath suggested that the susceptibility of different rice tissues to the fungus is varied.In addition,the significant differences with the severity of disease index caused by crude toxin and isolate inoculation imply that the other virulence factors should be taken into concern besides the toxin.During the quantitative analyzing the interactions of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA and host rice,the different rice tissues should be taken consideration together for more accurate exploring of the interaction mechanism.

关 键 词：立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA 致病机制 毒素活性 活体 离体 

分 类 号：S435.111[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]