地膜-秸秆双重覆盖模式下果园土壤养分含量研究  

The research of film-straw mulching pattern on soil nutrient content in an apple orchard

作　　者：蔡铭阳 谢永生[1,2] 索改弟[3] 丁新辉[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第6期184-190,196,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：为了研究地膜-秸秆双重覆盖模式对渭北旱塬果园土壤养分含量的影响,对5个不同处理（地膜压玉米秆双重覆盖、地膜压短麦秆双重覆盖、长麦秆压地膜双重覆盖、地膜压长麦秆双重覆盖和无覆盖清耕对照）下果园0-100 cm土层深度范围内的土壤养分含量进行测定,并统计了苹果产量。结果表明：地膜-秸秆双重覆盖模式能显著提高果园土壤养分平均含量,并提升养分有效性;其中地膜压短麦秆双重覆盖处理综合效果最佳,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均显著高于无覆盖对照（P〈0.05）,提高比例分别为29.72%、8.82%、19.35%、51.87%、22.66%;碱解氮含量提高比例高于全氮,说明该模式能够提高氮肥有效性。与无覆盖对照相比,地膜-秸秆双重覆盖模式对土壤剖面养分垂直变异影响不明显,均呈现出随深度增加先降低后缓慢递增的趋势。从提高土壤养分含量和提升其养分有效性的角度出发,利用地膜压短麦秆双重覆盖模式进行果园土壤管理可以成为实现渭北旱塬果园高产、优产、稳产的有效途径之一。In order to investigate the influence of film- straw mulching pattern on soil nutrient content in an apple orchard of Weibei dryland,soil nutrient content across the 0 - 100 cm soil profile under five mulching treatments,including plastic film covering maize straw,plastic film covering short wheat straw,long wheat straw covering plastic film,plastic film covering long wheat straw and a non-mulching control,was measured and the apple yield was recorded as well.Results showed that film- straw mulching pattern could significantly increase the average soil nutrient content and nutrient availability.The treatment of plastic film covering short wheat straw showed the best comprehensive effect.Its content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly higher than those of the non-mulching control by 29.72%、8.82%、19.35%、51.87% and 22.66%,respectively（P 0.05）.The increasing percentage of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content was higher than that of total nitrogen content,indicating that the pattern could increase the availability of nitrogen fertilizer.However,compared to the control,film- straw mulching pattern had no significant effect on the vertical variation of soil nutrient content along the profile.They all showed a trend that soil nutrient content decreased at first and then increased slowly with soil depth.It could be speculated that with the improvement of soil nutrient content and nutrient availability,the mulching mode of plastic film covering short wheat straw could be used as one of the most effective measures that is helpful in reaching high yield,excellent quality and dependable crop in Weibei dryland.

关 键 词：苹果园 地膜-秸秆双重覆盖 土壤养分 土壤剖面 渭北旱塬 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S154.1[农业科学—园艺学]