蛋鸡粪工业化堆肥过程中氨氧化菌群的群落演替  

Succession of ammonia oxidizers community composition during industrial composting of laying hen manure

作　　者：周婧[1] 张霞[1] 高浩峰[1] 胡南[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,江苏南京211800

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2017年第1期73-78,共6页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31270162);江苏高校品牌专业建设工程(TAPP)

摘　　要：以蛋鸡粪为研究对象,考察其在工业堆肥过程中几种主要氮化物的变化,同时应用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术检测氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)和氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)的群落结构,并通过冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨环境变量对AOB群落结构的影响。结果表明:整个堆肥过程中总氮损失率为30.8%;DGGE图谱展示了一个丰富的氨氧化微生物群系,共有14种AOB及13种AOA被证实,其中,Nitrosomonas和Candidatus nitrososphaera gargensis分别是AOB及AOA的优势种属,部分Nitrosomonas europaea与Nitrosomonas halophila菌株存在于整个堆肥过程;AOB群落多样性指数及丰度在整个堆肥过程中呈现先降后升的变化,而AOA群落正好与之相反;RDA分析结果表明,温度和p H对AOB群落结构具有显著的负影响(P<0.05),尤其是温度对其有极显著影响(P<0.01)。本研究真实地反映了蛋鸡粪在工业堆肥过程中的氮化物浓度以及氨氧化微生物群落的变化,实验数据为畜禽粪便堆肥过程的工艺优化提供了部分参考。In this work,concentrations of major N-compounds were determined during the composting of laying hen manure. The community of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria( AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea( AOA) were also studied by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis( PCRDGGE).The association of AOB communities with environmental and nutrient variables were studied by redundancy analysis( RDA). The total nitrogen loss was 30. 8% in the whole composting process.According to the DGGE profiles,a richness of ammonia oxidizing microbial population was confirmed,and14 AOB and 13 AOA species were detected at all composting samples. Nitrosomonas and Candidatus nitrososphaera gargensis were the dominant species of AOB and AOA,respectively. Several strains of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas halophila existed in the whole composting process.AOB diversity index and abundance showed the first drop and then rise,whereas AOA was just the opposite.Temperature and p H were considered as key environmental variables to lead the variation of AOB communities( P <0. 05),especially the temperature( P < 0. 01). This study reflected the variation of N-compounds concentration and ammonia oxidizing microbial community in industrial composting of laying hen manure.The experimental data would be useful for the process optimization of manure composting.

关 键 词：氨氧化细菌 氨氧化古菌 群落结构 PCR-DGGE 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学]