基于主导生态功能与生态退化程度的生态修复分区研究  

Zoning for Ecological Remediation by Dominant Ecological Function and Ecological Degradation Degree

作　　者：田美荣[1] 高吉喜[1] 宋国宝[2] 邹长新[1] 郑好[1] TIAN Mei-rong GAO Ji-xi SONG Guo-bao ZOU Chang-xin ZHENG Hao(Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Nanjing 210042,China Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and En-vironmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Sciences ＆ Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [2]大连理工大学环境学院工业生态与环境工程教育部重点实验室,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2017年第1期7-14,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201409055)

摘　　要：生态修复分区是科学高效地开展生态修复的前提,以科尔沁沙地源头巴林右旗为例,采用"自下而上"与"自上而下"相结合的分区思路,运用地理信息系统空间分析技术手段,在主导生态功能空间分异规律的基础上,综合考虑区域生态退化程度,并根据区域气候特征、地势地貌和植被类型,划定不同等级的生态修复分区空间分布。一级分区按照立地条件即考虑地形地貌和植被覆被类型划定,是区域环境主导生态类型的组合;二级分区按照主导生态功能即水源涵养功能、防风固沙功能、土壤保持功能和生物多样性维护功能划定,是中尺度下区域环境主导生态功能类型的组合;三级分区按照未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化划定,以此划分修复难易型小区,即生态修复预防小区、生态修复调控小区和生态修复重点小区。将巴林右旗共划分为3个一级区、7个二级区和29个三级区,既体现了生态功能的空间分异规律,又使得恢复具有针对性,为制定植被配置、产业结构调整等不同调控措施和生态修复方案提供技术支撑。Zoning for eco-remediation is the precondition for scientific and efficient development of ecological restoration. Zoning was performed of Balin Right Banner in Inner Mongolia of China,an important section of the Horqin Steppe and an ecologically sensitive and fragile area as well. In zoning, an approach combining “ bottom-up analysis” with “ top-down parsing” w,as adopted and the technology of GIS spatial analysis w,as applied. Based on the rule of spatial differentiation of dominant ecological functions,zoning was done with ecological degradation degree,meteorological characteristics,terrain, landform and vegetation of the region taken comprehensively into full account. The first level zoning was done in the light of terrain and type of vegetation cover,to form zonal environment dominated ecological type groups; the second level zoning was by dominant ecological function,such as water source reservation,wind breaking and sand fixation,water erosion pre-vention and biodiversity conservation, to form mid-scaled zonal environment dominated ecological function type group; and the third level zoning was by degradation degree, i. e. non-degraded, slightly-degraded, moderately-degraded and severely-degraded, to form three groups of subzones different in toughness of the remediation, i. e. subzones for preventive eco-remediation, subzones for adjustable eco-remediation and subzones for key eco-remediation. The Balin Right Banner was divided into 3 first-grade zones, 7 second-grade zones and 29 third-grade zones which not only embodied the rule of dominant ecological function differentiation, but also made the remediation pointed and provided technical support to devel-oping zone- or subzone-specific control measures and ecological remediation programs, such as rearrangement of vegetation, adjustment of industrial structure, etc.

关 键 词：生态修复 生态退化 分区 巴林右旗 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X24