中国近地表气温直减率及其季节和类型差异  

Near-surface air temperature lapse rates and seasonal and type differences in China

作　　者：江净超[1] 刘军志[2,3] 秦承志[3,4] 缪亚敏[2] 朱阿兴[2,3] JIANG Jingchao LIU Junzhi QIN Chengzhi MIAO Yarnin ZHU A-Xing(Smart City Research Center, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China)

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学智慧城市研究中心,杭州310012 [2]南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京210023 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2016年第12期1538-1548,共11页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601423;41601413);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973计划)(2015CB954102);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20150975)~~

摘　　要：近地表气温直减率是推测近地表气温空间分布的重要参数。中国幅员辽阔,气候和地形地貌条件复杂,直接使用反映对流层平均状况的单一气温直减率(0.65℃/100 m)很难表征中国近地表气温直减率的季节和类型差异。本文利用中国839个国家气象站点2000-2013年的近地表气温数据,分别在国家尺度和综合自然区划尺度上使用多元回归分析方法计算各个季节的平均气温直减率(lr_(meanT))、平均最低气温直减率(lr_(minT))和平均最高气温直减率(lr_(maxT)),并借助空间插值算法对气温直减率的可靠性进行了验证,最后分析了其季节和类型的差异。结果表明:(1)在国家尺度上,3种气温直减率均小于0.65℃/100 m;lr_(minT)、lr_(meanT)和lr_(maxT)的季节差异分别为0.05、0.13和0.24℃/100 m,且一般有夏季最大、冬季最小的季节规律;春、夏、秋、冬季气温直减率的类型差异分别为0.12、0.05、0.11和0.26℃/100m,且有lr_(minT)>lr_(meanT)>lr_(maxT)的规律。(2)在综合自然区划尺度上,气温直减率大多低于0.65℃/100 m,且存在明显的地域差异;夏季气温直减率一般大于冬季气温直减率,季节差异大多超过0.10℃/100 m;气温直减率类型差异半数区域超过或等于0.10℃/100 m,在春、夏、秋季,半数左右的区域lrmax T>lrmin T,在冬季,多数区域的lr_(minT)>lr_(maxT),lr_(meanT)一般处于lr_(maxT)和lr_(minT)之间。The lapse rate of near-surface air temperature is a critical parameter for obtaining high-precision air temperature products, especially in mountainous areas. The average lapse rate for the troposphere is 0.65℃/100 m, which cannot depict the seasonal and type differences in near-surface air temperature. This study used data from 839 Chinese national-level meteorological stations in 2000-2013 to calculate the lapse rates of seasonal mean air temperature （lrmoanτ）, seasonal mean minimum air temperature （lrminτ）, and seasonal mean maximum air temperature （lrmaxτ） based on a multiple regression method at the national and regional scales, respectively. A spatial interpolation algorithm was used to validate the reliability of these lapse rates, and the seasonal and type differences were analyzed. The following results were obtained： （1） At the national scale, all the lapse rates are smaller than 0.65℃/100 m. The seasonal differences of lrminτ, lrmeanτ, and lrmaxτ are 0.05, 0.13, and 0.24℃/100 m, respectively. Generally, the lapse rates of the summer are greater than those of the winter. The differences among the three types of lapse rates of air temperature are 0.12, 0.05, 0.11, and 0.26℃/100 m, respectively, in spring, summer, fall and winter. Generally, lrminτ is the largest, while lrmaxτ is the smallest. （2） At the regional scale by the comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, the lapse rates are also mostly smaller than 0.65℃/100 m. There are spatial differences for each type of lapse rate--the spatial ranges of annual lrminτ, lrmeanτ, and lrmaxτ are 0.27-1.66℃/100 m, 0.22-1.03℃/100 m, and-0.10-0.83℃/100 m, respectively. The seasonal differences of lapse rates are mostly greater than or equal to 0.10℃/100 m, and the lapse rates of the summer are mostly greater than those of the winter. The differences among the three types of lapse rates in half of the regions are greater than 0.10℃/100 m. lrmaxτ is larger than lrminτ and lrmeanτ for half of the re

关 键 词：近地表气温直减率 综合自然区划 平均气温 平均最低气温 平均最高气温 中国 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]