土壤紧实度对花生根系生长和活性变化的影响  

Effects of Soil Compaction on Root Growth and Activity of Peanut

作　　者：崔晓明[1] 张亚如[1] 张晓军[1] 王铭伦[1] 王月福[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《华北农学报》2016年第6期131-136,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271657);国家花生产业技术体系项目(Nycytx-19);山东省花生现代产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-05-022-05);山东省农业良种工程项目;国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04)

摘　　要：为探究不同土壤紧实度对花生根系生长和活性变化的影响,确定花生生长所需的适宜紧实度,为花生高产新品种的选育和栽培提供理论依据。以高产花生品种青花7号为试材,采用桶栽的方法,设置土壤容重分别为1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5 g/cm35个处理,研究了土壤紧实度对花生根系生长和活性的影响。结果表明,在花生根系发展期土壤容重过大不利于根系伸长和表面积扩大,且随着生育进程的推进影响越大,在花生根系衰退期土壤容重过小根系长度和表面积衰退过快,而适宜的土壤容重（1.2 g/cm3）则既能保证根系发展期根系的伸长和表面积扩大,又能延缓根系衰退期根系长度和和表面积的衰退。土壤容重过大或过小均不利于花生根系干物重积累、根系体积增加和根系活力提高,根系直径随着土壤容重的增大而增大。认为容重为1.2～1.3 g/cm3有利于花生根系生长和活性提高。To explore the effects of different soil compaction on the growth and activity of peanut root,determine the required compaction suitable for the growth of peanut,provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of new varieties of high-yielding peanut.Used Qinghua 7 which was high-yield peanut varieties as the material,a method using barrel planting set soil bulk density was 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5 g/cm35 treatments,studied the effects of soil compaction on the growth and activity of peanut root.The results showed that in peanut root development period,soil bulk density too large was not conducive to the expansion of root elongation and surface area,and with the growing process to promote the greater impact,soil bulk density too small,then the root length and surface area decline too fast,in peanut root recession period.The suitable soil bulk density（1.2 g/cm3） could not only guarantee the development of root elongation and expand root surface area,but also delay the root length and surface area of root decline.Soil bulk density too large or too small was not conducive to accumulation of the root dry matter weight,increasing of the root volume and root activity.With the increase of soil bulk density,the root diameter increased.So the bulk density within 1.2-1.3 g/cm3 range was conducive to peanut root growth and activity increase.

关 键 词：花生 土壤紧实度 土壤容重 根系生长 根系活性 

分 类 号：S565.01[农业科学—作物学]