铁皮石斛枯梢病的病原菌及发病规律研究  

The Pathogenic Fungus and Incidence Regularity of Die Back from Dendrobium officinale

作　　者：刘国华[1] 赵楠[1] 赵桂华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏句容212400

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2017年第1期138-143,共6页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170605);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2014385);江苏农林职业技术学院科技创新团队项目(2015kj036);江苏高校品牌建设工程一期项目立项专业(PPZY2015A082)

摘　　要：2012年4月至2014年6月,分别在室内外对铁皮石斛枯梢病的症状、病原菌分离、致病性试验、病原菌鉴定、发病规律及防治方法进行了观察和研究。结果表明:枯梢病为铁皮石斛的1种新病害,主要为害嫩叶和嫩梢,严重发生时,可导致梢头死亡,属国内外首次报道;TP-1201菌株分离得率为65.8%;接种14 d检查所有接种点全部发病,病斑直径约4 mm,症状与自然发病相似,再分离得到了原菌株。经形态学和DNA分子测序鉴定,确定TP-1201菌株为互隔链格孢,它是引起铁皮石斛枯梢病的病原菌,在20~30℃、RH 75%~90%时病害发生严重。在发病前使用哈茨木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌,发病初期使用50%异菌脲WP、20%腈菌唑WP和70%甲基硫菌灵WP,可有效控制病害。In order to research die back from Dendrobium officinale, the symptoms observation, isolation of pathogenic fungus, pathogenicity test, identification of pathogenic fungus, incidence regularity, as well as control methods were carried out in laboratory and green house in April 2012 to June 2014 respectively. The results showed that die back is a new disease of D.officinale caused by Alternaria alternate, it damages the young leaves and tender tip of D.officinale, result in tops died when the disease is a serious occurrence. Probability of isolation from TP-1201 strain to be 65.8%, all the inoculated points on inoculated D.officinale are infected caused by Alternaria alternate after 14 days, spots diameter approximately 4 mm, the symptoms is similar to those of natural disease, re-isolation of spots again got A.alternata stain. Morphological description and DNA molecular sequence confirm that TP-1201 strain （A.alternata） is a pathogenic fungus of result in die back from D.officinale. The disease may seriously occurs when the temperature at 20-30℃ and RH 75%-90%. Using Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis before the disease, and 50% iprodione WP, 20% myclobutanil WP and 70% thiophanate-methyl WP after the occurrence of disease is enable to control the disease.

关 键 词：铁皮石斛 互隔链格孢 致病性 发生规律 枯梢病 病原菌 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]