呼伦贝尔草原采煤塌陷区植物群落变化分析——以内蒙古宝日希勒煤矿区为例  

The effects of coal mining subsidence on grassland plant communities: take Borxil coal mine as an example

作　　者：乌仁其其格[1,2] 张德平[1] 雷霆[1] 王常顺[1] 闫瑞瑞[2] 

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院草原生态研究所,海拉尔021008 [2]中国农业科学院呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2016年第12期141-145,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：内蒙古自治区地质勘查基金管理中心(项目编号:12-3-MT04);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(项目编号:201303060);呼伦贝尔市科技局2013年项目;中国农业科学院呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放课题(项目编号:KY0081)资助

摘　　要：采用生态学野外调查方法对内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗宝日希勒煤矿塌陷区和背景草原植物群落进行了对比分析研究。结果表明:建群种和亚优势种的重要值明显变化,伴生种被旱生植物和一年生植物逐渐所取代;群落高度、盖度、密度和生物量显著降低,塌陷坑周围(2m)的群落高度和生物量显著低于塌陷坑之间;物种丰富程度明显减少,个体均匀程度无明显变化;塌陷区植物群落与背景草原群落相似程度降低,物种水分生态类型证明,煤炭开采塌陷区已经形成了小环境,植物群落开始退化,正在向逆向演替发展。We conducted a comparative analysis between Baorixile Mine subsidence area and the background grassland using ecological field survey methods. The results show that the species composition of plant communities was significantly reduced in the subsidence area,the importance values of the dominant and sub-dominant species significant changed,the associated species were replaced by xerophytic and annuals plants. Communities height,coverage,density and biomass significantly reduced,the height and biomass of the communities surrounding the subsidence area within 2m were significantly lower than that among subsidence areas. Species richness was significantly reduced. There was no significant change in the uniformity of the individual species; the similarity reduced between subsidence area and background grassland plant communities. It means that coal mining subsidence area has formed a small environment,plant communities began to degenerate and reverse succession.

关 键 词：煤矿 草原退化 植物群落 塌陷区 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]