保水缓释肥料保水性能及养分释放特性  

Water-retention and Nutrient Release Characteristic of Water-retentive Slow-release Fertilizer

作　　者：刘海林[1] 王龙宇[1] 林清火[1] 华元刚[1] 林钊沐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所中国热带农业科学院土壤肥料研究中心,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2017年第1期33-37,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金(No.20153098);中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所基本业务费专项(No.1630022015024);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(No.CARS-34)

摘　　要：为了明确添加水溶性保水剂(羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠)肥料的保水缓释效果,利用圆盘造粒工艺制备了保水缓释肥料,通过土壤培养和土柱淋溶试验,研究了保水缓释肥料在土壤中的保水性能和养分缓释效果。结果表明:3种保水缓释肥料均具有一定保水性和养分缓释效果,随保水缓释肥料用量增加,土壤最大持水率逐渐增加,土壤水分蒸发率逐渐减小;其中,以添加聚丙烯酸钠的保水缓释肥料保水性能和养分缓释效果最佳,首次淋溶后氮磷钾养分释放率较普通肥料分别减少了50.38%、55.74%、48.37%,当肥料添加量为2%时,土壤最大持水率较纯土壤提高了43.28%,培养至30 d土壤水分蒸发率较纯土壤降低了22.86%。In order to define the water-retention and nutrient slow-release effect of the fertilizer which added water soluble water retention agent （carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and polyacrylate sodium）, the water-retentive slow release fertilizer was made by pan granulation in this study. The water-retention and nutrient release property of water-retentive slow-release fertilizer in the soil was studied. Soil maximum water-holding rate and soil moisture evaporation rate of water-retentive slow-release fertilizer were detected by indoor incubation experiment, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium cumulative release rate of the water-retentive slow-release fertilizer were measured by the intermittent soil column leaching experiment. Results showed that all the three kinds of water- retentive slow release fertilizers had water-retention and slow-release effect. The soil maximum water-holding rate increased with increasing the amount of water-retentive slow-release fertilizer, but the soil moisture evaporation rate was just the opposite. Among them, the water-retentive slow-release fertilizer added polyaerylate sodium had the best water-retention and nutrient slow-release effect. For the first leaching, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium cumulative release rate decreased by 50.38%, 55.74%, 48.37%, respectively; When the application of the fertilizer was 2%, the soil maximum water-holding rate increased by 43.28%, the soil moisture evaporation rate was reduced by 22.86% after cultivation for 30 d.

关 键 词：水溶性保水剂 缓释肥料 保水 养分释放率 

分 类 号：S143.5[农业科学—肥料学]