套种大豆和单施尿素对油桐生长和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Soybean Intercropping and Single Application of Urea on Vernicia fordii Growth and Soil Physiscochemical Properties

作　　者：彭丽媛[1] 熊兴政[1] 欧阳[1] 陈佳玉[1] 袁孝谦 万盼[1] 刘芸[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第1期100-107,共8页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31370602);西南大学资源环境学院大学生科技创新"光炯"培养重点项目(No.20130215)

摘　　要：【目的】探索三峡库区油桐(Vernicia fordii)的科学种植方法。【方法】将1年生油桐林分为套种大豆(Glycine max)组、单施尿素组、对照组等3个处理组,观察和测定油桐生长指标、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用率日变化特征及土壤理化性质。【结果】株高、地径、叶面积指数增长量和水分利用率的日变化均值均表现为单施尿素组最高,然后依次是套种大豆组和对照组;净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化均值则表现为单施尿素组最高,然后依次是对照组和套种大豆组;单施尿素组土壤pH值较对照组低7.42%且具有统计学意义(p<0.05),并且除有机质含量外,单施尿素组其他各个养分含量均高于对照组并具有统计学意义(p<0.05),但套种大豆组土壤pH值和养分含量与对照组相比差异没有统计学意义。【结论】合理施用尿素能明显提高油桐净光合速率和土壤肥力,促进油桐生长,但需要适时补充有机肥防止土壤板结;油桐幼林套种大豆在一定程度上能促进油桐生长,提高油桐水分和土地利用率,是库区油桐产业可持续发展的有效措施。[Purposes]The paper aims to cultivate Vernicia fordii scientifically and reasonably.[Methods]One-year-old V.fordii seedlings were divided into three groups,intercropping with Glycine max,single application of urea and the control.Then the growth indexes,daily variation of net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and water use efficiency of V.fordii seedlings,and soil physiscochemical properties were observed and determined.[Findings]Single application of urea was the highest in increment of plant height,ground diameter,leaf area index and diurnal variation of water use efficiency,followed by intercropping with G.max and the control.The means net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were the highest in single application of urea,followed by the control and intercropping with G.max.Single application of urea soil pH was significantly lower than the control by 7.42%,while soil nutrient content of single application of urea was significantly higher than those of the control,except for organic matter content.There was no significant difference between intercropping with G.max and the control in soil pH and nutrient content.[Conclusions]Reasonable application of urea could significantly improve the net photosynthetic rate of V.fordii seedlings and soil fertility,and promote V.fordii growth.Nevertheless,timely supplement of organic fertilizer was essential to prevent soil hardening.Intercropping with G.max,which could promote the growth of V.fordii,enhancing moisture content and land utilization rate,were an effective measure for the sustainable development of V.fordii industry in the reservoir area.

关 键 词：油桐 套作大豆 尿素 生长 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S36[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]