罗布麻锈病病原菌鉴定  

Identification of the pathogen causing rust disease of traditional Chinese herb Apocynum venetum

作　　者：高鹏[1] 南志标[1] 吴永娜[2] 刘起棠 孟繁杰 段廷玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州730020 [2]兰州大学第一医院东岗院区,甘肃省生物治疗与再生医学重点实验室,兰州730030 [3]戈宝绿业有限公司,广东深圳518001

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2017年第1期129-136,共8页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区援疆项目(201191135);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303057)

摘　　要：2011—2014年新疆阿勒泰地区罗布麻Apocynum venetum种植田普遍发生锈病,为明确引起罗布麻锈病的病原菌,通过研究其致病性、形态学特征以及寄主范围,并结合r DNA-ITS和28S r DNA D1/D2区段的序列分析对病原菌进行了鉴定。结果表明,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,引起罗布麻锈病的病原菌为罗布麻栅锈菌Melampsora apocyni,可侵染罗布麻叶片、枝条和果实,造成大量叶片枯黄凋落,病害严重时可导致植株死亡。罗布麻锈病5月中、下旬开始发病,7月下旬至8月中旬为发病高峰期,病害发生期可持续至罗布麻生长季结束,该病害引起的病田率、病株率和病叶率最高均可达100%。寄主范围测定表明,该病原菌不仅可侵染罗布麻,也可侵染白麻Poacynum pictum和大叶白麻P.hendersonii,且在白麻和大叶白麻上的发病率分别为83%和99%,均高于罗布麻,表明白麻可作为罗布麻栅锈菌的新寄主。The rust on traditional Chinese herb Apocynum venetum was observed in the plantation of Altay in Xinjiang, China from 2011 to 2014. The morphological characteristics, pathogenicity test and molecular identification method were used to confirm the pathogen of causing rust. The result showed that the pathogen was Melampsora apocyni and could infect the leaves,branchs and fruits of A. venetum. The symptom caused leaf-fall,and the plants die during the growing season. The rust occurred on mid and later May,and the infection reached a peak to 100% from the late July to mid-August. The pathogen had a wide host range,Poacynum pictum and P. hendersonii were detected with high infected rates 83% and99%,respectively. The results indicated that P. pictum was the new host of Melampsora apocyni.

关 键 词：罗布麻栅锈菌 形态特征 致病性 分子鉴定 

分 类 号：S435.63[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]