土壤干旱对麦田燕麦孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae发生动态的影响  

Effects of soil drought on the occurrence dynamics of Heterodera avenae in wheat field

作　　者：赵洪海[1] 高翠珠 梁晨[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东省植物病虫害综合防控重点实验室,青岛266109

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2017年第1期168-174,共7页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503114,200903040);山东省泰山学者建设工程专项

摘　　要：为明确土壤干旱对麦田燕麦孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae(Ha)发生动态的影响,于2014年分别对灌溉和非灌溉小区定期取样,通过对土壤中线虫的分离和小麦根组织中线虫的镜检,确定灌溉和非灌溉小区中Ha各虫态的发生密度。结果表明,与非灌溉小区相比,灌溉小区土壤中2龄幼虫和白色雌虫以及根组织中2、3或4龄幼虫的群体密度在4—5月均明显较高;尤其在4月,灌溉小区2龄幼虫平均孵出量和侵入量分别为3.0条/100 g土壤和19.0条/10 g根,而非灌溉小区的分别仅为0.6条/100 g土壤和1.0条/10 g根。在小麦生长期,灌溉小区的Ha群体密度略有增长,繁殖系数为1.04,而非灌溉小区的显著下降,繁殖系数仅为0.09。研究表明,土壤严重干旱能抑制Ha 2龄幼虫的孵出和侵入,减少3、4龄幼虫和白色雌虫发生数量,导致繁殖系数显著下降。In order to clarify the effects of soil drought on the wheat field occurrence dynamics of Heterodera avanae（ Ha）,Ha samples were periodically collected from the irrigated and non-irrigated plots,in 2014,and the occurrence densities of each Ha stage in both plots were determined by using the microscopic examination of the nematodes. The results showed that from April to May,the population densities of the 2nd stage juveniles（ J2） and white female in soil,J2 and 3rd- 4th stage juveniles（ J3 ＋J4） in root were all higher in the irrigated plot than those in the non-irrigated plots. Especially in April,the average densities of emerged and penetrated J2 were 3. 0 /100 g of soil and 19. 0 /10 g of root in the irrigated plots,but those were only 0. 6 /100 g of soil and 19. 0 /10 g of root in the non-irrigated plots.During the wheat growing season,the Ha cyst population density increased slightly,with the reproduction factor（ Rf） of 1. 04,in the irrigated plot,but the cyst density reduced dramatically,with the Rf of 0. 09,in the non-irrigated plot. The results indicated that severe soil drought inhibited the emergence and penetration of Ha J2,reduced the occurring amounts of J3 or J4 and females,and resulted in the Rf significant decline.

关 键 词：燕麦孢囊线虫 麦田侵染 春季干旱 灌溉 非灌溉 

分 类 号：S435.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]